{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:01:52Z","timestamp":1791928912061,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.5.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:30:44Z","timestamp":1777905044000},"page":"6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Common Prescription Lens Correction Causes Motion Illusions in the Presbyopic and General Populations"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Rodriguez-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council, IO-CSIC, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callista M.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Burge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"},{"name":"Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of presbyopia and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia: systematic review, meta-analysis, and modelling","volume":"125","author":"Fricke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)78079-1","article-title":"Uses of a monocular contact lens","volume":"46","author":"Westsmith","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib4","first-page":"78","article-title":"Presbyopia corrected with single vision spectacles or corneal lenses in preference to bifocal corneal lenses","volume":"25","author":"Fonda","year":"1966","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00488.x","article-title":"Monovision: a review","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.06.070","article-title":"Monovision and the misperception of motion","volume":"29","author":"Burge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6432a2","article-title":"Contact lens wearer demographics and risk behaviors for contact eye infections\u2013United States, 2014","volume":"64","author":"Cope","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bib8","first-page":"26","article-title":"International contact lens prescribing in 2018","volume":"34","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectr"},{"key":"bib9","first-page":"42","article-title":"Premium cataract options gain ground","volume":"19","author":"Ingenito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Manag"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198808000-00005","article-title":"Stereopsis in presbyopes wearing monovision and simultaneous vision bifocal contact lenses","volume":"65","author":"McGill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.70.000772","article-title":"Stereoscopic acuity with defocused and spatially filtered retinal images","volume":"70","author":"Westheimer","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb01103.x","article-title":"The effect of monocular defocus on binocular contrast sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"Pardhan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000487","article-title":"Revisiting monovision for presbyopia","volume":"29","author":"Mahrous","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71395-y","article-title":"Contact lenses, the reverse Pulfrich effect, and anti-Pulfrich monovision corrections","volume":"10","author":"Rodriguez-Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03041-w","article-title":"Case report of the evidence of a spontaneous Reverse Pulfrich effect in monovision after cataract surgery","volume":"23","author":"Rodriguez-Lopez","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr0820080647","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.08.2008.0647","article-title":"An unusual presentation of optic neuritis and the Pulfrich phenomenon","volume":"2009","author":"O'Doherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.12.1050","article-title":"Pulfrich's phenomenon in unilateral cataract","volume":"81","author":"Scotcher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1167\/17.10.155","article-title":"A contrast-based Pulfrich effect in normals and a spontaneous Pulfrich effect in amblyopes","volume":"17","author":"Reynaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1689-6","article-title":"The Pulfrich effect in the clinic","volume":"249","author":"Heng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01565171","article-title":"Die stereoskopie im dienste der isochromen und heterochromen photometrie","volume":"10","author":"Pulfrich","year":"1922","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/1418457","article-title":"The magnitude of the Pulfrich stereophenomenon as a function of binocular differences of intensity at various levels of illumination","volume":"62","author":"Lit","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06151-w","article-title":"Interocular contrast difference drives illusory 3D percept","volume":"7","author":"Reynaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.25.2.12","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of human color processing measured using a continuous tracking task","volume":"25","author":"Barnett","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/vision4010020","article-title":"Interocular differences in spatial frequency influence the Pulfrich effect","volume":"4","author":"Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vision"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.12.12","article-title":"Perceptual consequences of interocular imbalances in the duration of temporal integration","volume":"22","author":"Chin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.25.3.7","article-title":"Decreases in overall light level increase the severity of the reverse Pulfrich effect","volume":"25","author":"Rodriguez-Lopez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.064212","article-title":"Monovision slows juvenile myopia progression unilaterally","volume":"89","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/12.10.12","article-title":"A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/14.2.1","article-title":"Optimal disparity estimation in natural stereo images Johannes","volume":"14","author":"Burge","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2018.1549247","article-title":"A Bayesian analysis for the Mann-Whitney statistic","volume":"49","author":"Chechile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Stat Theory Methods"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.2307\/1420750","article-title":"Visual delay as a function of luminance","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(71)90246-X","article-title":"Visual latencies at photopic levels of retinal illuminance","volume":"11","author":"Prestrude","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90121-1","article-title":"A physiological correlate of the pulfrich effect in cortical neurons of the cat","volume":"29","author":"Carney","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/15.3.14","article-title":"Continuous psychophysics: target-tracking to measure visual sensitivity","volume":"15","author":"Bonnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.5.4","article-title":"Continuous psychophysics shows millisecond-scale visual processing delays are faithfully preserved in movement dynamics","volume":"24","author":"Burge","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib37","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Palmer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vision Science: From Photons to Phenomenology"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/415429a","article-title":"Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion","volume":"415","author":"Ernst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90114-4","article-title":"Stereopsis and contrast","volume":"29","author":"Legge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00406-1","article-title":"Differential binocular input and local stereopsis","volume":"43","author":"Hess","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3852-02.2004","article-title":"Why is spatial stereoresolution so low?","volume":"24","author":"Banks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/9.1.8","article-title":"Limits of stereopsis explained by local cross-correlation","volume":"9","author":"Filippini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/18.6.4","article-title":"Depth variation and stereo processing tasks in natural scenes","volume":"18","author":"Iyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31448","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31448","article-title":"The lawful imprecision of human surface tilt estimation in natural scenes","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007947","article-title":"Natural scene statistics predict how humans pool information across space in surface tilt estimation","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Comput Biol"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90048-2","article-title":"Retinal adaptation of visual processing time delays","volume":"33","author":"Wolpert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib47","first-page":"390","article-title":"Monovision contact lens use in the aviation environment: a report of a contact lens-related aircraft accident","volume":"71","author":"Nakagawara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8900","article-title":"Optimal speed estimation in natural image movies predicts human performance.","volume":"6","author":"Burge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-030320-041134","article-title":"Image-computable ideal observers for tasks with natural images.","volume":"6","author":"Burge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Vis Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1904-19.2019","article-title":"Predicting the partition of behavioral variability in speed perception with naturalistic stimuli.","volume":"40","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0490242024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0490-24.2024","article-title":"Optimal estimation of local motion-in-depth with naturalistic stimuli.","volume":"45","author":"Herrera-Esposito","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.1.2","article-title":"Measuring the interocular delay and its link to visual acuity in amblyopia","volume":"65","author":"Gurman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2025.01.005","article-title":"Continuous psychophysics: past, present, future","volume":"29","author":"Burge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/18.12.7","article-title":"Curveball: a tool for rapid measurement of contrast sensitivity based on smooth eye movements","volume":"18","author":"Mooney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.13.17","article-title":"Gradiate: a radial sweep approach to measuring detailed contrast sensitivity functions from eye movements","volume":"20","author":"Mooney","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00971","article-title":"Eye movement evaluation in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease using a Standardized Oculomotor and Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorder Assessment (SONDA)","volume":"11","author":"Grillini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650540","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.650540","article-title":"Computational methods for continuous eye-tracking perimetry based on spatio-temporal integration and a deep recurrent neural network","volume":"15","author":"Grillini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16849","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1108491108","article-title":"Optimal defocus estimation in individual natural images","volume":"108","author":"Burge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001155","article-title":"Accommodation in early presbyopes fit with bilateral or unilateral near add","volume":"95","author":"Almutairi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib62","article-title":"The visual experience evaluation tool: a myopia research instrument for quantifying visual experience","author":"Sullivan","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"bib63","first-page":"29","article-title":"FlexEnable bends OTFT materials in its favor","volume":"40","author":"Boylan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf Disp"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(78)90083-4","article-title":"Binocular cross-correlation in time and space.","volume":"18","author":"Tyler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00313-4","article-title":"Neural encoding of binocular disparity: Energy models, position shifts and phase shifts","volume":"36","author":"Fleet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374203-2.00045-2","article-title":"Presbyopia","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of the Eye","author":"Glasser","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.DFBA","article-title":"DFBA: distribution-free Bayesian analysis","author":"Barch","year":"2023"},{"key":"bib58","article-title":"Anti-Pulfrich monovision ophthalmic corrections","author":"Burge","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1117\/12.912066","article-title":"Optimal defocus estimates from individual images for autofocusing a digital camera","volume-title":"Digital Photography VIII","author":"Burge","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.5.6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:23Z","timestamp":1791927143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.5.6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.5.6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]}}}