{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:02:48Z","timestamp":1791928968131,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.67.5.62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1779456642000},"page":"62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blue Light Induces Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage by Stimulating Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission and Activating NF-\u03baB\/NOX4 Axis"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Xin-Hao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gui-Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital & the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Research and Translation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Hui","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Jian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0331-5","article-title":"Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells","volume":"9","author":"Marie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.63500\/mv_v22_61","article-title":"Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology","volume":"22","author":"Tosini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0273-5","article-title":"Light effects on mitochondrial photosensitizers in relation to retinal degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Osborne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05320.x","article-title":"Light affects mitochondria to cause apoptosis to cultured cells: possible relevance to ganglion cell death in certain optic neuropathies","volume":"105","author":"Osborne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0333","article-title":"Varicosities of intraretinal ganglion cell axons in human and nonhuman primates","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2003.10.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of optic neuropathies","volume":"23","author":"Carelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.08.012","article-title":"The effect of visual blue light on mitochondrial function associated with retinal ganglions cells","volume":"128","author":"Osborne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2012.01120.x","article-title":"Light might directly affect retinal ganglion cell mitochondria to potentially influence function","volume":"88","author":"del Olmo-Aguado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-014-0983-2","article-title":"Long-term blue light exposure induces RGC-5 cell death in vitro: involvement of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2016.11.009","article-title":"Visual light effects on mitochondria: the potential implications in relation to glaucoma","volume":"36","author":"Osborne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032711","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics and its involvement in disease","volume":"15","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160129","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission and fusion","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2019.08.003","article-title":"The good and the bad of mitochondrial breakups","volume":"29","author":"Sprenger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.06.006","article-title":"Redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"22","author":"Willems","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.028","article-title":"ROS-induced ROS release in plant and animal cells","volume":"122","author":"Zandalinas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329635","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/329635","article-title":"Mitochondria-ros crosstalk in the control of cell death and aging","volume":"2012","author":"Marchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Signal Transduct"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0173-8","article-title":"Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death","volume":"21","author":"Bock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart","volume":"167","author":"Bou-Teen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6167","article-title":"Hydrogen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescue oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis in a mouse corneal alkali-burn model","volume":"52","author":"Kubota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.11.018","article-title":"Molecular pathology of oxidative stress in diabetic angiopathy: role of mitochondrial and cellular pathways","volume":"87","author":"Mokini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768026","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/768026","article-title":"Oxidative stress, hypoxia, and autophagy in the neovascular processes of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2014","author":"Blasiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1672","article-title":"NAD+\/NADH and NADP+\/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death: regulation and biological consequences","volume":"10","author":"Ying","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2005","article-title":"The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"87","author":"Bedard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5633","article-title":"NADPH oxidases in redox regulation of cell adhesion and migration","volume":"20","author":"Schroder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1348","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00028.2010","article-title":"Critical role of Nox4-based NADPH oxidase in glucose-induced oxidative stress in the kidney: implications in type 2 diabetic nephropathy","volume":"299","author":"Sedeek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213116","article-title":"Upregulation of Nox4 by hypertrophic stimuli promotes apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac myocytes","volume":"106","author":"Ago","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581732","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/581732","article-title":"Lentivirus-mediated Nox4 shRNA invasion and angiogenesis and enhances radiosensitivity in human glioblastoma","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450701531235","article-title":"Regulation of NADPH oxidase subunit p22(phox) by NF-kB in human aortic smooth muscle cells","volume":"113","author":"Manea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07777-4","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha coordinates with transforming growth factor-beta1 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration via the NF-kappaB\/NOX4 pathway in bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11521","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607279200","article-title":"Mitotic phosphorylation of dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 participates in mitochondrial fission","volume":"282","author":"Taguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"bib32","first-page":"25","article-title":"Activated Drp1 regulates p62-mediated autophagic flux and aggravates inflammation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via the ROS-RIP1\/RIP3-exosome axis","volume":"9","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6238","article-title":"NOX4 in mitochondria: yeast two-hybrid-based interaction with complex i without relevance for basal reactive oxygen species?","volume":"23","author":"Hirschhauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.261","article-title":"Low-energy light bulbs, computers, tablets and the blue light hazard","volume":"30","author":"O'Hagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00430-7","article-title":"Blue light exposure collapses the inner blood-retinal barrier by accelerating endothelial CLDN5 degradation through the disturbance of GNAZ and the activation of ADAM17","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.218","article-title":"Light damage to the retina: an historical approach","volume":"30","author":"van Norren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.227","article-title":"The retina as a window to the brain-from eye research to CNS disorders","volume":"9","author":"London","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.2.231","article-title":"Histochemical localisation of mitochondrial enzyme activity in human optic nerve and retina","volume":"83","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2006.06.004","article-title":"Critical dependence of neurons on mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435364","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6435364","article-title":"Mitochondria as potential targets and initiators of the blue light hazard to the retina","volume":"2019","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2007.12.004","article-title":"Intracellular reactive oxygen species in monocytes generated by photosensitive chromophores activated with blue light","volume":"24","author":"Bouillaguet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200211046","article-title":"Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fusion and are essential for embryonic development","volume":"160","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.03.009","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion","volume":"45","author":"Sabouny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00467","article-title":"Mitophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cell fate","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101761","article-title":"Stat2-Drp1 mediated mitochondrial mass increase is necessary for pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.04.029","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release: an update and review","volume":"1757","author":"Zorov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2013","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release","volume":"94","author":"Zorov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","article-title":"A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"469","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4785","article-title":"Redox control of inflammation in macrophages","volume":"19","author":"Brune","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.178","article-title":"Crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and NF-kappaB signaling","volume":"21","author":"Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res"}],"container-title":["Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.5.62","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:32:23Z","timestamp":1791927143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/iovs.67.5.62"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.67.5.62","relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5783"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5783","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]}}}