{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:50:52Z","timestamp":1783939852934,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vision"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/jov.23.4.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T15:31:19Z","timestamp":1680622279000},"page":"3","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Differences in visual stimulation between reading and walking and implications for myopia development"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Poudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"spoudel@sunyopt.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Rahimi-Nasrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"h.rahimi.na@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"jjin@sunyopt.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohrab","family":"Najafian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"najafian.sohrab@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose-Manuel","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"jalonso@sunyopt.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015104","article-title":"Early post-natal development of neuronal function in the kitten's visual cortex: A laminar analysis","volume":"348","author":"Albus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28904-x","article-title":"Reading and myopia: Contrast polarity matters","volume":"8","author":"Aleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports,"},{"issue":"29","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6246","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2946-20.2021","article-title":"Stimulus contrast affects spatial integration in the lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque monkeys","volume":"41","author":"Archer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5348","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3419","article-title":"The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks","volume":"50","author":"Ashby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"7586","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16468","article-title":"The functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse","volume":"529","author":"Baden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00231-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"6","author":"Baird","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03171.x","article-title":"Spectacle use and reduced unaided vision in third grade students: A comparative study in different educational settings","volume":"87","author":"Ben-Simon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.4.3","article-title":"Mapping spatial frequency preferences across human primary visual cortex","volume":"22","author":"Broderick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Vision,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208708","article-title":"A spatial frequency effect on perceived depth","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys,"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701306413","article-title":"Text\u2013background polarity affects performance irrespective of ambient illumination and colour contrast","volume":"50","author":"Buchner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ergonomics,"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.009","article-title":"ON pathway mutations increase susceptibility to form-deprivation myopia","volume":"137","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research,"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02737.2002","article-title":"Functional asymmetries in ON and OFF ganglion cells of primate retina","volume":"22","author":"Chichilnisky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200206120-00010","article-title":"Refractive compensation to optical defocus depends on the temporal profile of luminance modulation of the environment","volume":"13","author":"Crewther","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroreport,"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200307010-00009","article-title":"Inhibition of retinal ON\/OFF systems differentially affects refractive compensation to defocus","volume":"14","author":"Crewther","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport,"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-082114-035502","article-title":"Contributions of retinal ganglion cells to subcortical visual processing and behaviors","volume":"1","author":"Dhande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Review of Vision Science,"},{"issue":"7543","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/519276a","article-title":"The myopia boom","volume":"519","author":"Dolgin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature,"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501233102","article-title":"Night blindness and abnormal cone electroretinogram ON responses in patients with mutations in the GRM6 gene encoding mGluR6","volume":"102","author":"Dryja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,"},{"issue":"48","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19126","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709337104","article-title":"OFF ganglion cells cannot drive the optokinetic reflex in zebrafish","volume":"104","author":"Emran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3770-2","article-title":"The interaction of pupil response with the vergence system","volume":"255","author":"Feil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/11167","article-title":"Light- and focus-dependent expression of the transcription factor ZENK in the chick retina","volume":"2","author":"Fischer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.11.42","article-title":"The spatial frequency content of urban and indoor environments as a potential risk factor for myopia development","volume":"61","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20018","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77026-w","article-title":"Long term visuo-vestibular mismatch in freely behaving mice differentially affects gaze stabilizing reflexes","volume":"10","author":"Franca de Barros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports,"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.04.018","article-title":"Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia","volume":"114","author":"French","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10803","article-title":"Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"314","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"ournal of the American Medical Association,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0895-761","article-title":"Spectacle lenses alter eye growth and the refractive status of young monkeys","volume":"1","author":"Hung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib27","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Effects of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, on ocular refraction and axial elongation in a primate model of myopia","volume":"32","author":"Iuvone","year":"1991","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy221","article-title":"Cortical balance between ON and OFF visual responses is modulated by the spatial properties of the visual stimulus","volume":"29","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex,"},{"issue":"48","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2456-11.2011","article-title":"Faster thalamocortical processing for dark than light visual targets","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2729","article-title":"Population receptive fields of ON and OFF thalamic inputs to an orientation column in visual cortex","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2029","article-title":"On and off domains of geniculate afferents in cat primary visual cortex","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.6","article-title":"IMI prevention of myopia and its progression","volume":"62","author":"Jonas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1118","article-title":"Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia","volume":"48","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060789","article-title":"Clinical and genetic characteristics of korean congenital stationary night blindness patients","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes (Basel),"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078001026.x","article-title":"The influence of near-work on development of myopia among university students: A three-year longitudinal study among engineering students in Norway","volume":"78","author":"Kinge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.020","article-title":"Neuronal and perceptual differences in the temporal processing of darks and lights","volume":"82","author":"Komban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310442111","article-title":"Neuronal nonlinearity explains greater visual spatial resolution for darks than lights","volume":"111","author":"Kremkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,"},{"issue":"7601","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17936","article-title":"Principles underlying sensory map topography in primary visual cortex","volume":"533","author":"Kremkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000462961","article-title":"Long-term clinical course in a patient with complete congenital stationary night blindness","volume":"8","author":"Kurata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Reports in Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60531-3","article-title":"Humans use optokinetic eye movements to track waypoints for steering","volume":"10","author":"Lappi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports,"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1167\/3.7.5","article-title":"Dynamics of sensitivity regulation in primate outer retina: The horizontal cell network","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Vision,"},{"issue":"7601","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17941","article-title":"Topology of ON and OFF inputs in visual cortex enables an invariant columnar architecture","volume":"533","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90117-8","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading\u2014I. Normal vision","volume":"25","author":"Legge","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90118-X","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading\u2014II. Low vision","volume":"25","author":"Legge","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4262","article-title":"Asymmetry of Drosophila ON and OFF motion detectors enhances real-world velocity estimation","volume":"19","author":"Leonhardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.21","article-title":"Amblyopic reading is crowded","volume":"7","author":"Levi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Vision,"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0066-y","article-title":"Motion changes response balance between ON and OFF visual pathways","volume":"1","author":"Luo-Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Communications Biology,"},{"issue":"42","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8132","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-20.2020","article-title":"Analysis of parvocellular and magnocellular visual pathways in human retina","volume":"40","author":"Masri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90354-2","article-title":"Specific deficit of the ON response in visual transmission by targeted disruption of the mGluR6 gene","volume":"80","author":"Masu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell,"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.007","article-title":"Functional specialization of ON and OFF cortical pathways for global-slow and local-fast vision","volume":"27","author":"Mazade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Reports,"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111438","article-title":"Cortical mechanisms of visual brightness","volume":"40","author":"Mazade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Reports,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib52","first-page":"439","article-title":"Autonomic control of the eye","volume":"5","author":"McDougal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comprehensive Physiology,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-05-02043.2000","article-title":"Fine structure of parvocellular receptive fields in the primate fovea revealed by laser interferometry","volume":"20","author":"McMahon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.017","article-title":"Myopia and level of education: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study","volume":"121","author":"Mirshahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.004","article-title":"How genetic is school myopia?","volume":"24","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.004","article-title":"The epidemics of myopia: Aetiology and prevention","volume":"62","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000489","article-title":"China turns to school reform to control the myopia epidemic: A narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia),"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39866","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39866","article-title":"Light-dependent pathways for dopaminergic amacrine cell development and function","volume":"7","author":"Munteanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife,"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib59","first-page":"3633","article-title":"Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error","volume":"43","author":"Mutti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00225-B","article-title":"The utility of three predictors of childhood myopia: A Bayesian analysis","volume":"35","author":"Mutti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.10.6","article-title":"Dynamics of contrast decrement and increment responses in human visual cortex","volume":"9","author":"Norcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Translational Vision Science & Technology,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.004","article-title":"Independent encoding of grating motion across stationary feature maps in primary visual cortex visualized with voltage-sensitive dye imaging","volume":"55","author":"Onat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0643","article-title":"High susceptibility to experimental myopia in a mouse model with a retinal on pathway defect","volume":"49","author":"Pardue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib64","first-page":"2794","article-title":"Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: A three-year follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"P\u00e4rssinen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"key":"bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193205","article-title":"Assessing the role of different spatial frequencies in word perception by good and poor readers","volume":"33","author":"Patching","year":"2005","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17726","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17983-x","article-title":"A new and general approach to signal denoising and eye movement classification based on segmented linear regression","volume":"7","author":"Pekkanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.20","article-title":"Crowding and eccentricity determine reading rate","volume":"7","author":"Pelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Vision,"},{"issue":"32","key":"bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6276","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3215-18.2019","article-title":"Amblyopia affects the ON visual pathway more than the OFF","volume":"39","author":"Pons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/17.14.5","article-title":"Neuronal mechanisms underlying differences in spatial resolution between darks and lights in human vision","volume":"17","author":"Pons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Vision,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108692","article-title":"Image luminance changes contrast sensitivity in visual cortex","volume":"34","author":"Rahimi-Nasrabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Reports,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1672-22.2022","article-title":"Luminance contrast shifts dominance balance between ON and OFF pathways in human vision","volume":"43","author":"Rahimi-Nasrabadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"25","key":"bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198506203122505","article-title":"An animal model of myopia","volume":"312","author":"Raviola","year":"1985","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246952","article-title":"Visual properties of human retinal ganglion cells","volume":"16","author":"Reinhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3235-15.2016","article-title":"Temporal asymmetry in dark-bright processing initiates propagating activity across primary visual cortex","volume":"36","author":"Rekauzke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.12.019","article-title":"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children","volume":"115","author":"Rose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12879","article-title":"Reappraisal of the historical myopia epidemic in native Arctic communities","volume":"41","author":"Rozema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics,"},{"key":"bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.03.010","article-title":"On-Off asymmetry in the perception of blur","volume":"120","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"9253","key":"bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71520-8","article-title":"Nearwork and myopia in young children","volume":"357","author":"Saw","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Lancet,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20010501-08","article-title":"Near-work activity and myopia in rural and urban schoolchildren in China","volume":"38","author":"Saw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.8.4.227.1609","article-title":"Familial clustering and myopia progression in Singapore school children","volume":"8","author":"Saw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(88)90113-7","article-title":"Accommodation, refractive error and eye growth in chickens","volume":"28","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"key":"bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019515","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in the dynamics of natural accommodation in humans: Relation to age and refractive errors","volume":"461","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology,"},{"issue":"19","key":"bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00114-4","article-title":"Flicker parameters are different for suppression of myopia and hyperopia","volume":"37","author":"Schwahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00315-X","article-title":"Gaze stabilization by optokinetic reflex (OKR) and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during active head rotation in man","volume":"37","author":"Schweigart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.020","article-title":"The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Sherwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(02)00620-2","article-title":"Refractive errors and factors associated with myopia in an adult Japanese population","volume":"47","author":"Shimizu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1994.tb02799.x","article-title":"Adult-onset myopia and occupation","volume":"72","author":"Simensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta ophthalmologica (Copenhagen),"},{"key":"bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.07.030184.000305","article-title":"The accessory optic system","volume":"7","author":"Simpson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"4478","key":"bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6255566","article-title":"2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: A new pharmacological tool for retina research","volume":"211","author":"Slaughter","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90150-4","article-title":"Refractive-error changes in kitten eyes produced by chronic on-channel blockade","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.030","article-title":"Efficient coding by midget and parasol ganglion cells in the human retina","volume":"107","author":"Soto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040010405011","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia in the United States","volume":"101","author":"Sperduto","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.2.704","article-title":"Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia","volume":"86","author":"Stone","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12284","article-title":"Contributions of retinal direction-selective ganglion cells to optokinetic responses in mice","volume":"38","author":"Sugita","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.3.14","article-title":"Emmetropic, but not myopic human eyes distinguish positive defocus from calculated blur","volume":"62","author":"Swiatczak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.4.17","article-title":"Transient eye shortening during reading text with inverted contrast: Effects of refractive error and letter size","volume":"11","author":"Swiatczak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Vision Science & Technology,"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2006021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006021","article-title":"Gene expression in response to optical defocus of opposite signs reveals bidirectional mechanism of visually guided eye growth","volume":"16","author":"Tkatchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biology,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_14_3_302","article-title":"Statistics of natural image categories","volume":"14","author":"Torralba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Network,"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.03.022","article-title":"The significance of retinal image contrast and spatial frequency composition for eye growth modulation in young chicks","volume":"48","author":"Tran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"key":"bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2016.00104","article-title":"ON bipolar cells in macaque retina: Type-specific synaptic connectivity with special reference to OFF counterparts","volume":"10","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy,"},{"key":"bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.11.025","article-title":"The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width","volume":"51","author":"Vansteenkiste","year":"2013","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention,"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.008","article-title":"Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia","volume":"43","author":"Wallman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron,"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib104","first-page":"4344","article-title":"Refractive status in the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00233-C","article-title":"Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks","volume":"35","author":"Wildsoet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Research,"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.06.094","article-title":"Spatial modulation of dark versus bright stimulus responses in the mouse visual system","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Biology,"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3000174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000174","article-title":"Nystagmus in patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) originates from synchronously firing retinal ganglion cells","volume":"17","author":"Winkelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Biology,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80135-X","article-title":"Changing patterns of spontaneous bursting activity of on and off retinal ganglion cells during development","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuron,"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.054","article-title":"Increased time outdoors is followed by reversal of the long-term trend to reduced visual acuity in Taiwan primary school students","volume":"127","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314690111","article-title":"Cortical brightness adaptation when darkness and brightness produce different dynamical states in the visual cortex","volume":"111","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13403","article-title":"Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica,"},{"issue":"38","key":"bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11753","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1991-09.2009","article-title":"\u201cBlack\u201d responses dominate macaque primary visual cortex v1","volume":"29","author":"Yeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02645.2003","article-title":"Different circuits for ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells cause different contrast sensitivities","volume":"23","author":"Zaghloul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4478-06.2007","article-title":"Functional heterogeneity of retinal dopaminergic neurons underlying their multiple roles in vision","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience,"},{"key":"bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.06.003","article-title":"Dopamine signaling and myopia development: What are the key challenges","volume":"61","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research,"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19930901-12","article-title":"The influence of study habits on myopia in Jewish teenagers","volume":"30","author":"Zylbermann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus,"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45103-X_50","article-title":"Two-frame motion estimation based on polynomial expansion","volume-title":"Image analysis: SCIA 2003 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2749)","author":"Farneb\u00e4ck","year":"2003"},{"key":"bib69","first-page":"13","article-title":"ON and OFF visual pathways in human cortex have different spatial resolution","volume-title":"Neuroscience meeting planner","author":"Pons","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jov.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2785498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T06:05:16Z","timestamp":1702188316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jov.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2785498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/jov.23.4.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-7362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-7362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]}}}