{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T18:42:11Z","timestamp":1773427331674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.14.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T16:35:13Z","timestamp":1639586113000},"page":"14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Functional Field of View Determined by Crowding, Aging, or Glaucoma Under Divided Attention"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Foroogh","family":"Shamsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pergher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MiYoung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006","article-title":"The primate fovea: structure, function and development","volume":"66","author":"Bringmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retinal Eye Res"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203972","article-title":"The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading","volume":"17","author":"McConkie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.17.6.834","article-title":"Eye movements, the perceptual span, and reading speed","volume":"17","author":"Rayner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychonom Bull Rev"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.9","article-title":"The case for the visual span as a sensory bottleneck in reading","volume":"7","author":"Legge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22560","article-title":"Slow reading in glaucoma: is it due to the shrinking visual span in central vision?","volume":"58","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-28023","article-title":"Vision parameters most important to functionality in glaucoma","volume":"60","author":"Shakarchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-012-0240-2","article-title":"Peripheral vision benefits spatial learning by guiding eye movements","volume":"41","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem Cognit"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.07.009","article-title":"More than the useful field: considering peripheral vision in driving","volume":"65","author":"Wolfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Ergonom"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.v40.3","article-title":"Impact of glaucoma on executive function and visual search","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalm Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/9.10.6","article-title":"The contributions of central versus peripheral vision to scene gist recognition","volume":"9","author":"Larson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1980.51.3.903","article-title":"Role of foveal and peripheral visual information in maintenance of postural equilibrium in man","volume":"51","author":"Amblard","year":"1980","journal-title":"Percept Motor Skills"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2020-0079","article-title":"The Consequences of glaucoma on mobility and balance control in the older adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"29","author":"Zwierko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Phys Act"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15194","article-title":"The driving visual field and a history of motor vehicle collision involvement in older drivers: a population-based examination","volume":"56","author":"Huisingh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.043","article-title":"Association between glaucoma and at\u2013fault motor vehicle collision involvement among older drivers: a population-based study","volume":"123","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0474","article-title":"A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: the SEE study","volume":"48","author":"Rubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040010371002","article-title":"Incidence of visual field loss in 20,000 eyes and its relationship to driving performance","volume":"101","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib17","first-page":"3110","article-title":"Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers","volume":"34","author":"Ball","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.14.1083","article-title":"Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults","volume":"279","author":"Owsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00035-1","article-title":"Vision impairment and driving","volume":"43","author":"Owsley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00286","article-title":"Effect of cognitive demand on functional visual field performance in senior drivers with glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Gangeddula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1508834","article-title":"Performance-based visual field testing for drivers with glaucoma: A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Devos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00295-9","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading: XX. Linking letter recognition to reading speed in central and peripheral vision","volume":"41","author":"Legge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1167\/6.6.1001","article-title":"Age effects on reading speed and visual span in peripheral vision","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2003.09.028","article-title":"Recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning","volume":"44","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Age-related changes in crowding and reading speed","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.5.002210","article-title":"Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view","volume":"5","author":"Ball","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000356753","article-title":"Useful field of view test","volume":"60","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-19113-z","article-title":"Visual field loss and vision-related quality of life in the Italian Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Study","volume":"8","author":"Rulli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.10.001","article-title":"Detection and measurement of clinically meaningful visual field progression in clinical trials for glaucoma","volume":"56","author":"De Moraes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retinal Eye Res"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2014.07.028","article-title":"Glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer thickness loss is associated with slower reaction times under a divided attention task","volume":"158","author":"Tatham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9718","article-title":"Validity, reliability, and repeatability of the useful field of view test in persons with normal vision and patients with glaucoma","volume":"53","author":"Bentley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.6.4.533","article-title":"Age and reading: the impact of distraction","volume":"6","author":"Connelly","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.02.005","article-title":"Visual crowding: a fundamental limit on conscious perception and object recognition","volume":"15","author":"Whitney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/13.7.14","article-title":"Sensory and cognitive influences on the training-related improvement of reading speed in peripheral vision","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.08.002","article-title":"Developmental changes in the visual span for reading","volume":"47","author":"Kwon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.187","article-title":"The African descent and glaucoma evaluation study (ADAGES): design and baseline data","volume":"127","author":"Sample","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vis"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366","article-title":"The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies","volume":"10","author":"Pelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vis"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.1965.18.issue-1","article-title":"Sequential estimation of points on a psychometric function","volume":"18","author":"Wetherill","year":"1965","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/383334a0","article-title":"Attentional resolution and the locus of visual awareness","volume":"383","author":"He","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817076116","article-title":"Linkage between retinal ganglion cell density and the nonuniform spatial integration across the visual field","volume":"116","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.10.016","article-title":"Isoeccentric locations are not equivalent: The extent of the vertical meridian asymmetry","volume":"52","author":"Abrams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-016-0399-7","article-title":"Differential age-related changes in localizing a target among distractors across an extended visual field","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00017-5","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading\u2014XVI. The visual span in normal and low vision","volume":"37","author":"Legge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5039","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14181","article-title":"The effect of aging on crowded letter recognition in the peripheral visual field","volume":"55","author":"Astle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2187","article-title":"The uncrowded window of object recognition","volume":"11","author":"Pelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.21","article-title":"Amblyopic reading is crowded","volume":"7","author":"Levi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2889","article-title":"Metamers of the ventral stream","volume":"14","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/4.12.12","article-title":"Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: distinguishing feature integration from detection","volume":"4","author":"Pelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13122","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806074105","article-title":"Age-related top-down suppression deficit in the early stages of cortical visual memory processing","volume":"105","author":"Gazzaley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1543","article-title":"Top-down suppression deficit underlies working memory impairment in normal aging","volume":"8","author":"Gazzaley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.3.24","article-title":"Impact of glaucoma and dry eye on text-based searching","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31824c17ee","article-title":"Useful field of view predicts driving in the presence of distracters","volume":"89","author":"Wood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106089","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106089","article-title":"Binocular glaucomatous visual field loss and its impact on visual exploration-a supermarket study","volume":"9","author":"Sippel","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e889","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000402","article-title":"Impact of peripheral field loss on the execution of natural actions: a study with glaucomatous patients and normally sighted people","volume":"25","author":"Dive","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.1996.8.issue-8","article-title":"Contrast-dependent dissociation of visual recognition and detection fields","volume":"8","author":"Strasburger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482269482","volume-title":"Psychophysics of reading in normal and low vision","author":"Legge","year":"2006"},{"key":"bib38","volume-title":"Clinical decisions in glaucoma","author":"Hodapp","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T16:35:25Z","timestamp":1639586125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.10.14.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]}}}