{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:58:42Z","timestamp":1768319922126,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.4.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T04:42:33Z","timestamp":1618980153000},"page":"21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improvement of Evaporative Dry Eye With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Model Mice by Treatment With Ophthalmic Solution Containing Mineral Oil"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Sassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019","article-title":"Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer","volume":"78","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.08.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II report executive summary","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.2012.40.issue-6","article-title":"Fluids of the ocular surface: concepts, functions and physics","volume":"40","author":"Cher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000232814.39651.fa","article-title":"The features of dry eye disease in a Japanese elderly population","volume":"83","author":"Uchino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report","volume":"15","author":"Stapleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14689","article-title":"Androgen deficiency and dry eye syndrome in the aging male","volume":"55","author":"Azcarate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.966847","article-title":"Sex-steroid imbalance in females and dry eye","volume":"40","author":"Versura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.040","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye disease and its risk factors in visual display terminal users: the Osaka study","volume":"156","author":"Uchino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib10","first-page":"2942","article-title":"Tear evaporation from the ocular surface","volume":"33","author":"Tsubota","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icl.0000252881.04636.5e","article-title":"Increased evaporative rates in laboratory testing conditions simulating airplane cabin relative humidity: an important factor for dry eye syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report","volume":"15","author":"Bron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199605000-00001","article-title":"Tear film changes associated with normal aging","volume":"15","author":"Mathers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c","article-title":"The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland","volume":"52","author":"Knop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.02.020","article-title":"Tear film lipid layer: a molecular level view","volume":"1858","author":"Cwiklik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SM00758A","article-title":"Surface relaxations as a tool to distinguish the dynamic interfacial properties of films formed by normal and diseased meibomian lipids","volume":"10","author":"Georgiev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.06.020","article-title":"Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis","volume":"163","author":"Butovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199207000-00012","article-title":"Age-related morphological changes in lid margin and meibomian gland anatomy","volume":"11","author":"Hykin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.9.1286","article-title":"Influence of aging on the polar and neutral lipid profiles in human meibomian gland secretions","volume":"124","author":"Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib20","first-page":"4874","article-title":"Effect of androgen deficiency on the human meibomian gland and ocular surface","volume":"85","author":"Krenzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0717-8","article-title":"Sex steroids, the meibomian gland and evaporative dry eye","volume":"506","author":"Sullivan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199401000-00013","article-title":"Contact lens wear, use of eye cosmetics, and Meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"71","author":"Marren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.8.1046","article-title":"Evaluation of topical cyclosporine for the treatment of dry eye disease","volume":"126","author":"Perry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.029","article-title":"Topical fluorometholone protects the ocular surface of dry eye patients from desiccating stress: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"123","author":"Pinto-Fraga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.967871","article-title":"Diquafosol tetrasodium increases the concentration of mucin-like substances in tears of healthy human subjects","volume":"40","author":"Shigeyasu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2013.834939","article-title":"Regulation of human corneal epithelial mucins by rebamipide","volume":"39","author":"Itoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib28","first-page":"209","article-title":"A comparative study of eyelid cleaning regimens in chronic blepharitis","volume":"22","author":"Key","year":"1996","journal-title":"CLAO J"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-014-0025-8","article-title":"A randomized, controlled treatment trial of eyelid-warming therapies in meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"3","author":"Sim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000258","article-title":"Compliance and subjective patient responses to eyelid hygiene","volume":"43","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000171818.01353.8c","article-title":"The effect of two novel lubricant eye drops on tear film lipid layer thickness in subjects with dry eye symptoms","volume":"82","author":"Korb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH","article-title":"Efficacy of an artificial tear emulsion in patients with dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Sindt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH","article-title":"Effects of Systane Balance on noninvasive tear film break-up time in patients with lipid-deficient dry eye","volume":"8","author":"Aguilar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2015.29.2.131","article-title":"Efficacy of the mineral oil and hyaluronic acid mixture eye drops in murine dry eye","volume":"29","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S256351","article-title":"A comparison of efficacy and safety of two lipid-based lubricant eye drops for the management of evaporative dry eye disease","volume":"14","author":"Jerkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01262-9","article-title":"Low-concentration homogenized castor oil eye drops for noninflamed obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"109","author":"Goto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31802b492d","article-title":"Effect of an oil-in-water emulsion on the tear physiology of patients with mild to moderate dry eye","volume":"26","author":"Khanal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2009.10.005","article-title":"Effect of castor oil emulsion eyedrops on tear film composition and stability","volume":"33","author":"Maissa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH","article-title":"A prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study of Optive Plus in the treatment of patients with dry eye: the prolipid study","volume":"8","author":"Kaercher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0717-8","article-title":"The effects of anionic and zwitterionic phospholipids on the tear film lipid layer","volume":"506","author":"Korb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.01.001","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a lipid-based artificial tear formulation: a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"Simmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1096\/fsb2.v32.6","article-title":"Very long-chain tear film lipids produced by fatty acid elongase ELOVL1 prevent dry eye disease in mice","volume":"32","author":"Sassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvs105","article-title":"Very long-chain fatty acids: elongation, physiology and related disorders","volume":"152","author":"Kihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2014.017","article-title":"Metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids: genes and pathophysiology","volume":"22","author":"Sassa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2016.04.001","article-title":"Synthesis and degradation pathways, functions, and pathology of ceramides and epidermal acylceramides","volume":"63","author":"Kihara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00192-13","article-title":"Impaired epidermal permeability barrier in mice lacking Elovl1, the gene responsible for very-long-chain fatty acid production","volume":"33","author":"Sassa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1096\/fba2.v1.12","article-title":"Reduced chain length in myelin sphingolipids and poorer motor coordination in mice deficient in the fatty acid elongase Elovl1","volume":"1","author":"Isokawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB Bioadv"},{"key":"bib48","first-page":"929","article-title":"The effects of 3% diquafosol sodium application on the tear functions and ocular surface of the Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1)-knockout mice","volume":"20","author":"Kojima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23213","article-title":"The role of 2% rebamipide eye drops related to conjunctival differentiation in superoxide dismutase-1 (Sod1) knockout mice","volume":"59","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70139-8","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction: a clinical scheme for description, diagnosis, classification, and grading","volume":"1","author":"Foulks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.001","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II diagnostic methodology report","volume":"15","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024339","article-title":"Meibum lipid composition in Asians with dry eye disease","volume":"6","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5730","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10317","article-title":"Quantitative profiling of major neutral lipid classes in human meibum by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53582","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53582","article-title":"Lipid polarity gradient formed by ?-hydroxy lipids in tear film prevents dry eye disease","volume":"9","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005572107","article-title":"ELOVL1 production of C24 acyl-CoAs is linked to C24 sphingolipid synthesis","volume":"107","author":"Ohno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2020.158842","article-title":"Production of branched-chain very-long-chain fatty acids by fatty acid elongases and their tissue distribution in mammals","volume":"1866","author":"Tanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess20006","article-title":"Effect of mineral-oil addition on film stability of polar lipid constituents derived from meibum","volume":"69","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oleo Sci"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T04:42:40Z","timestamp":1618980160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.10.4.21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}