{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:54:00Z","timestamp":1792270440362,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.1.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T12:35:54Z","timestamp":1642163754000},"page":"22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnosis of Choroidal Disease With Deep Learning-Based Image Enhancement and Volumetric Quantification of Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kazuichi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Oakland, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Device Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Device Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuya","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaixing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Oakland, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Center for Medical Research and Application, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Oakland, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Sakimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyasu","family":"Hashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Quantock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinpui","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Topcon Advanced Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Oakland, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.07.003","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: Towards an evidence-based treatment guideline","volume":"73","author":"Van Rijssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1421","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14829","article-title":"Characterization of macular choroid in normal-tension glaucoma: a swept-source optical coherence tomography study","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000258","article-title":"Comparison of peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal versus primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)","volume":"4","author":"Komma","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib4","article-title":"Wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of retinal microvasculature and choroidal thickness in patients with myopia [published online ahead of print August 12, 2021]","author":"Moon","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol,"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001","article-title":"Updates of pathologic myopia","volume":"52","author":"Ohno-Matsui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.037","article-title":"Evaluation of the choroidal thickness using high-penetration optical coherence tomography with long wavelength in highly myopic normal-tension glaucoma","volume":"153","author":"Usui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107795","article-title":"Update on the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"188","author":"Youngblood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res."},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.05.002","article-title":"Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"62","author":"O'Keefe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0107-6","article-title":"Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease","volume":"24","author":"De Fauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1977.tb06123.x","article-title":"Fluorescein and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in study of affected males and in female carriers with choroidermia. A preliminary report","volume":"55","author":"Forsius","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)."},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.032","article-title":"Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"146","author":"Spaide","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211028540","article-title":"Three-dimensional segmentation and depth-encoded visualization of choroidal vasculature using swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"246","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)."},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.07.004","article-title":"Central serous chorioretinopathy: update on pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"58","author":"Nicholson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.07.016","article-title":"Predictors of Recurrence in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease","volume":"2","author":"Maruyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina."},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00925-4","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: report of an international committee on nomenclature","volume":"131","author":"Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2019.1678961","article-title":"Current standardized therapeutic approach for uveitis in Japan","volume":"42","author":"Maruyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Med."},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0949-4","article-title":"Catching the therapeutic window of opportunity in early initial-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada uveitis can cure the disease","volume":"39","author":"Herbort","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5832","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.005832","article-title":"Deep learning based noise reduction method for automatic 3D segmentation of the anterior of lamina cribrosa in optical coherence tomography volumetric scans","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express."},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.51.004927","article-title":"OCT skin image enhancement through attenuation compensation","volume":"51","author":"Hojjatoleslami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Opt."},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11327","article-title":"Enhancement of Lamina Cribrosa Visibility in Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Adaptive Compensation","volume":"54","author":"Mari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci."},{"key":"bib22","first-page":"81","article-title":"Local Laplacian filters: Edge-aware image processing with a Laplacian Pyramid","volume":"58","author":"Paris","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Transaction on Graphics."},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(87)80186-X","article-title":"Adaptive histogram equalization and its variations","volume":"39","author":"Pizer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comp Vis Graphics Image Process."},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2020.101871","article-title":"Speckle reduction of OCT via super resolution reconstruction and its application on retinal layer segmentation","volume":"106","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.42","article-title":"SiameseGAN: A Generative Model for Denoising of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Images","volume":"40","author":"Kande","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging."},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64724-8","article-title":"Automatically Enhanced OCT Scans of the Retina: A proof of concept study","volume":"10","author":"Apostolopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.2987636","article-title":"Unsupervised Denoising of Optical Coherence Tomography Images with Nonlocal-Generative Adversarial Network","volume":"70","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement."},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.2.23","article-title":"DeshadowGAN: A Deep Learning Approach to Remove Shadows from Optical Coherence Tomography Images","volume":"9","author":"Cheong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol."},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.03.005","article-title":"Luminal and Stromal Areas of Choroid Determined by Binarization Method of Optical Coherence Tomographic Images","volume":"159","author":"Sonoda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001040","article-title":"Choroidal Vascularity Index in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","volume":"36","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15787","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.015787","article-title":"Automated segmentation and characterization of choroidal vessels in high-penetration optical coherence tomography","volume":"21","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optics Express."},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.000134","article-title":"Automated three-dimensional choroidal vessel segmentation of 3D 1060 nm OCT retinal data","volume":"4","author":"Kajic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed Optics Exp."},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Agrawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.012","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Choroidal Thickness and the Volume of Vessels and Stroma Using Swept-Source OCT and Fully Automated Algorithms","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina."},{"key":"bib36","first-page":"357","article-title":"VisIt: An End-User Tool For Visualizing and Analyzing Very Large Data","author":"Childs","year":"2012","journal-title":"High Performance Visualization\u2013Enabling Extreme-Scale Scientific Insight."},{"key":"bib37","first-page":"e313","article-title":"3D printing of the choroidal vessels and tumours based on optical coherence tomography","volume":"97","author":"Maloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica."},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.006067","article-title":"Attenuation correction assisted automatic segmentation for assessing choroidal thickness and vasculature with swept-source OCT","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Optics Exp."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.11.8","article-title":"Choroidal Biomarkers: A Repeatability and Topographical Comparison of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vascularity Index in Healthy Eyes","volume":"9","author":"Breher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol."},{"key":"bib29","article-title":"Improved Choroid Layer Segmentation Using the Topcon Advanced Boundary Segmentation (TABSTM) Algorithm with DRI OCT-1 Images","author":"Laboratory TABI"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T12:36:01Z","timestamp":1642163761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.1.22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]}}}