{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:05:49Z","timestamp":1784696749734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.1.37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T16:30:54Z","timestamp":1643387454000},"page":"37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Glaucoma Suspects: The Impact of Risk Factor-Driven Review Periods on Clinical Load, Diagnoses, and Healthcare Costs"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Phu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Masselos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Prince of Wales Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Randwick, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sullivan-Mee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Associates of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kalloniatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7509","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38506.594977.E0","article-title":"Treatment of ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"331","author":"Maier","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00180","article-title":"The hub-and-spoke management of glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Nuzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2011.02530.x","article-title":"Economic impact of primary open-angle glaucoma in Australia","volume":"39","author":"Dirani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.12.1754","article-title":"The economic burden of major adult visual disorders in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Rein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00843.x","article-title":"NICE - impact on glaucoma case detection","volume":"31","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.10.023","article-title":"Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Gedde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91134-4","article-title":"Risk factors for noncompliance with glaucoma follow-up visits in a residents\u2019 eye clinic","volume":"105","author":"Kosoko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2020.04.009","article-title":"Visualizing the consistency of clinical characteristics that distinguish healthy persons, glaucoma suspect patients, and manifest glaucoma patients","volume":"3","author":"Phu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.06.004","article-title":"An assessment of the health and economic burdens of glaucoma","volume":"152","author":"Varma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3180575202","article-title":"Glaucoma in the United States and Europe: predicting costs and surgical rates based upon stage of disease","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328040bfcf","article-title":"Cost-effective evaluation of the glaucoma suspect","volume":"18","author":"Doshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.06.029","article-title":"Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Greece: the Thessaloniki Eye Study","volume":"144","author":"Topouzis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001093","article-title":"Compliance with primary open-angle glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma suspect preferred practice patterns in a retail-based eye clinic","volume":"27","author":"Stanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.701","article-title":"The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"120","author":"Kass","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311786","article-title":"Prevalence of glaucoma in the Australian National Eye Health Survey","volume":"103","author":"Keel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.031","article-title":"The Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project: detection rates and initial management","volume":"123","author":"Waisbourd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0245-x","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for glaucoma in lost-to-follow-up normal-tension glaucoma suspect patients","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.2018.46.issue-7","article-title":"Implementing collaborative care for glaucoma patients and suspects in Australia","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.2015.43.issue-4","article-title":"Clinical model assisting with the collaborative care of glaucoma patients and suspects","volume":"43","author":"Jamous","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12923","article-title":"A collaborative care pathway for patients with suspected angle closure glaucoma spectrum disease","volume":"103","author":"Phu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1878821","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of the Centre for Eye Health: an intra-professional optometry led collaborative eye care clinic in Australia","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13030","article-title":"Impact of referral refinement on management of glaucoma suspects in Australia","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.5470","article-title":"Glaucoma community care: does ongoing shared care work?","volume":"20","author":"Ly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.01.037","article-title":"The increased cost of medical services for people diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma: a decision analytic approach","volume":"150","author":"Kymes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.01.019","article-title":"Management of ocular hypertension: a cost-effectiveness approach from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study","volume":"141","author":"Kymes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-020-00217-0","article-title":"Estimating the number and length of episodes in disability using a Markov chain approach","volume":"18","author":"Dudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.13.21","article-title":"The Frontloading Fields Study (FFS): detecting changes in mean deviation in glaucoma using multiple visual field tests per clinical visit","volume":"10","author":"Phu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.117.5.573","article-title":"The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: design and baseline description of the participants","volume":"117","author":"Gordon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.9.1187","article-title":"Confirmation of visual field abnormalities in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Group","volume":"118","author":"Keltner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.006","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of an endpoint committee in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study","volume":"199","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01338-1","article-title":"The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: reproducibility of cup\/disk ratio measurements over time at an optic disc reading center","volume":"133","author":"Feuer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.07.023","article-title":"Agreement among glaucoma specialists in assessing progressive disc changes from photographs in open-angle glaucoma patients","volume":"147","author":"Jampel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318057526d","article-title":"Visual field quality control in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS)","volume":"16","author":"Keltner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13114","article-title":"Management of open-angle glaucoma by primary eye-care practitioners: toward a personalised medicine approach","volume":"104","author":"Phu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.04.017","article-title":"Factors associated with failure to follow up after glaucoma screening: a study in an African American population","volume":"113","author":"Gwira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31815768b3","article-title":"Characteristics of patients who dropout from a glaucoma clinic","volume":"17","author":"Ashaye","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.04.005","article-title":"Risk factors for noncompliance with follow-up among normal-tension glaucoma suspects","volume":"144","author":"Ngan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2010.6112","article-title":"Do adherence rates and glaucomatous visual field progression correlate?","volume":"21","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.042","article-title":"Natural history of open-angle glaucoma","volume":"116","author":"Heijl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9476","article-title":"Intervals between visual field tests when monitoring the glaucomatous patient: wait-and-see approach","volume":"53","author":"Crabb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.04.019","article-title":"Viability of performing multiple 24-2 visual field examinations at the same clinical visit: the Frontloading Fields Study (FFS)","volume":"230","author":"Phu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.08.013","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm-faster compared with Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm-standard in normal subjects, glaucoma suspects, and patients with glaucoma","volume":"208","author":"Phu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.10.010","article-title":"A New SITA perimetric threshold testing algorithm: construction and a multicenter clinical study","volume":"198","author":"Heijl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.001232","article-title":"Design and implementation of a low-cost, portable OCT system","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2020.0009","article-title":"Telemedicine for glaucoma: guidelines and recommendations","volume":"26","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Telemed J E Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2018.04.002","article-title":"A deep learning-based algorithm identifies glaucomatous discs using monoscopic fundus photographs","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.023","article-title":"Efficacy of a deep learning system for detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy based on color fundus photographs","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.02.022","article-title":"Lessons learned about autonomous AI: finding a safe, efficacious, and ethical path through the development process","volume":"214","author":"Abramoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.067355","article-title":"Direct costs of glaucoma and severity of the disease: a multinational long term study of resource utilisation in Europe","volume":"89","author":"Traverso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.3672","article-title":"A worldwide price comparison of glaucoma medications, laser trabeculoplasty, and trabeculectomy surgery","volume":"136","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6955","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6955.634","article-title":"The sight test fee: effect on ophthalmology referrals and rate of glaucoma detection","volume":"309","author":"Laidlaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000730","article-title":"Glaucoma care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"32","author":"Vinod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1924628","article-title":"Adaptations of early career optometrists in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"104","author":"Phu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"6 suppl","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181aff461","article-title":"A critical discussion of the rates of progression and causes of optic nerve damage in glaucoma: International Glaucoma Think Tank II: July 25-26, 2008, Florence, Italy","volume":"18","author":"Caprioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e859","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2018.96.issue-7","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of open-angle glaucoma in the general population: the Thessaloniki Eye Study","volume":"96","author":"Founti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200927030-00002","article-title":"Cost of illness of glaucoma: a critical and systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Fiscella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"Glaucoma: diagnosis and management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib8","article-title":"NHMRC guidelines for the screening, prognosis, diagnosis, management and prevention of glaucoma 2010","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"key":"bib30","volume-title":"Medicare benefits schedule book","author":"Commonwealth of Australia","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T16:31:01Z","timestamp":1643387461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.1.37","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}}}