{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:13:20Z","timestamp":1792448000425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.3.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T16:31:07Z","timestamp":1646238667000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Shear-Thinning and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Relationships of Contemporary Ocular Lubricants"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wasim","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"},{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau-Minh","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lacey","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndon","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Dry eye disease - are we underselling it? An epidemic in the offing and future management trends","volume":"3","author":"Adyanthaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Opthamol"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S237487","article-title":"Experimental pharmacotherapy for dry eye disease: a review","volume":"13","author":"Baiula","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S13773","article-title":"Systane lubricant eye drops in the management of ocular dryness","volume":"5","author":"Benelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.9.1265","article-title":"Relationship between tear volume and tear meniscus curvature","volume":"122","author":"Yokoi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S5555","article-title":"Etiology, prevalence, and treatment of dry eye disease","volume":"3","author":"Gayton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.28.1.55.23495","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of an HP-guar gellable lubricant eye drop for the relief of dryness of the eye","volume":"28","author":"Christensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.12.056","article-title":"Effect of a hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose ophthalmic solution on ocular comfort and tear-film instability after cataract surgery","volume":"41","author":"Mencucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.011","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report","volume":"15","author":"Bron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II management and therapy report","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2014.0164","article-title":"Effects of a hyaluronic acid\/hydroxypropyl guar artificial tear solution on protection, recovery, and lubricity in models of corneal epithelium","volume":"31","author":"Rangarajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bib12","first-page":"CD009729","article-title":"Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Pucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bib13","first-page":"8642","article-title":"Dry eye disease treatment: the role of tear substitutes, their future, and an updated classification","volume":"24","author":"Barabino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2020.0011","article-title":"Cationic emulsion-based artificial tears as a mimic of functional healthy tear film for restoration of ocular surface homeostasis in dry eye disease","volume":"36","author":"Daull","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1925208","article-title":"Relieving the symptoms of dry eye disease: update on lubricating eye drops containing hydroxypropyl-guar","volume":"104","author":"Garofalo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S294427","article-title":"A decade of effective dry eye disease management with systane ultra (Polyethylene glycol\/propylene glycol with hydroxypropyl guar) lubricant eye drops","volume":"15","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052383","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the efficacy of hyaluronic acid eye drops for the treatment of dry eye syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31821b0b2c","article-title":"Visual effect and residence time of artificial tears in dry eye subjects","volume":"88","author":"Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027","article-title":"Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery","volume":"58","author":"Urtti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181824dc4","article-title":"Effect of viscosity on tear drainage and ocular residence time","volume":"85","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5842","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14844","article-title":"Time course of changes in tear meniscus radius and blink rate after instillation of artificial tears","volume":"55","author":"Bandlitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0055","article-title":"Repeated measurements of dynamic tear distribution on the ocular surface after instillation of artificial tears","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.020","article-title":"Effect of blinking on tear volume after instillation of mid-viscosity artificial tears","volume":"146","author":"Palakuru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.35119\/myjo.v2i2","article-title":"Evaluation of 18 artificial tears based on viscosity and pH","volume":"2","author":"Che Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malaysian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31821ea667","article-title":"Noninvasive, objective, multimodal tear dynamics evaluation of 5 over-the-counter tear drops in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Tung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S78184","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of two new formulations of artificial tears in subjects with dry eye disease: a 3-month, multicenter, active-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Simmons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11249-006-9071-2","article-title":"Viscosity-temperature correlation for liquids","volume":"22","author":"Seeton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tribol Lett"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S281601","article-title":"Impact of ocular surface temperature on tear characteristics: current insights","volume":"13","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Optom"},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"4189","article-title":"A novel approach to identifying dry eye disease using acoustically-driven microfluidic extensional rheometry","volume":"60","author":"Downie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0036980","article-title":"The dynamics of parallel-plate and cone-plate flows","volume":"33","author":"Oza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Fluids"},{"key":"bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"A basic introduction to rheology","author":"Malvern Instruments","year":"2016","journal-title":"Whitepaper"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181824de3","article-title":"Precorneal residence time of artificial tears measured in dry eye subjects","volume":"85","author":"Paugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000000507","article-title":"Rheological behavior of commercial artificial tear solutions","volume":"47","author":"Arshinoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02018.x","article-title":"A comparison of the precorneal residence of an artificial tear preparation in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca and normal volunteer subjects using gamma scintigraphy","volume":"69","author":"Greaves","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.2","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid\u2013based lubricant eye drops","volume":"8","author":"Aragona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00137947","article-title":"The viscosity of human tears","volume":"15","author":"Tiffany","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126826","article-title":"Understanding the performance of flow-electrodes for capacitive deionization through hydrodynamic voltammetry","volume":"406","author":"Carmona-Orbezo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.211","article-title":"The effect of pH, dilution, and temperature on the viscosity of ocular lubricants-shift in rheological parameters and potential clinical significance","volume":"26","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2018.12.003","article-title":"Evaluation of an enhanced viscosity artificial tear for moderate to severe dry eye disease: a multicenter, double-masked, randomized 30-day study","volume":"42","author":"Lievens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"bib31","author":"Brookfield Engineering Laboratories"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T16:31:18Z","timestamp":1646238678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2778621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.3.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}}}