{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:59:34Z","timestamp":1792555174968,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.7.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T09:31:24Z","timestamp":1657618284000},"page":"9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Topical Losartan and Corticosteroid Additively Inhibit Corneal Stromal Myofibroblast Generation and Scarring Fibrosis After Alkali Burn Injury"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lycia Pedral","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme S. L.","family":"Hilgert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Michael","family":"Shiju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcony R.","family":"Santhiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology at University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Corneal blindness: a global perspective","volume":"79","author":"Witcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108089","article-title":"Corneal wound healing","volume":"197","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.002","article-title":"Progress in corneal wound healing","volume":"49","author":"Ljubimov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.2066","article-title":"TGFbeta induced myofibroblast differentiation of rabbit keratocytes requires synergistic TGFbeta, PDGF and integrin signaling","volume":"75","author":"Jester","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108325","article-title":"TGF\u00df1 and TGF\u00df2 proteins in corneas with and without stromal fibrosis: delayed regeneration of epithelial barrier function and the epithelial basement membrane in corneas with stromal fibrosis","volume":"202","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108594","article-title":"TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs","volume":"207","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2022.108940","article-title":"Topical losartan inhibits corneal scarring fibrosis and collagen type IV deposition after Descemet's membrane-endothelial excision in rabbits","volume":"216","author":"Sampaio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.03.014","article-title":"Losartan inhibits endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation in mitral valve endothelial cells by blocking transforming growth factor-\u00df-induced phosphorylation of ERK","volume":"446","author":"Wylie-Sears","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"11, suppl 1","key":"bib9","first-page":"S189","article-title":"Modulation of transforming growth factor-\u00df signaling and extracellular matrix production in myxomatous mitral valves by angiotensin II receptor blockers","volume":"126","author":"Geirsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X637055","article-title":"Losartan improves adipose tissue-derived stem cell niche by inhibiting transforming growth factor-\u00df and fibrosis in skeletal muscle injury","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.6.789","article-title":"Angiotensin II blockade reverses myocardial fibrosis in a transgenic mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000182521.44440.c5","article-title":"Neutralization of transforming growth factor-beta attenuates hypertension and prevents renal injury in uremic rats","volume":"23","author":"Lavoie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1536","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade attenuates TGF-\u00df-induced failure of muscle regeneration in multiple myopathic states","volume":"13","author":"Cohn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155730","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155730","article-title":"Losartan attenuates myocardial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in spontaneous hypertensive rats via inhibiting TGF-\u00df\/Smad signaling","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880402701003","article-title":"Inhibition of the effect of high glucose on the expression of Smad in human peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.03.014","article-title":"Losartan inhibits endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation in mitral valve endothelial cells by blocking transforming growth factor-\u00df-induced phosphorylation of ERK","volume":"446","author":"Wylie-Sears","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12106","article-title":"Transmission electron microscopy analysis of epithelial basement membrane repair in rabbit corneas with haze","volume":"54","author":"Torricelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophth Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20170126-02","article-title":"Regeneration of defective epithelial basement membrane and restoration of corneal transparency","volume":"33","author":"Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ref Surg"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.05.003","article-title":"Epithelial basement membrane injury and regeneration modulates corneal fibrosis after pseudomonas corneal ulcers in rabbits","volume":"161","author":"Marino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20211007-02","article-title":"Epithelial basement membrane regeneration after PRK-induced epithelial-stromal injury in rabbits: fibrotic vs. non-fibrotic corneal healing","volume":"38","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ref Surg"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4044","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24428","article-title":"The corneal basement membranes and stromal fibrosis","volume":"59","author":"Medeiros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108803","article-title":"Descemet's membrane injury and regeneration, and posterior corneal fibrosis in rabbits","volume":"213","author":"Sampaio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib23","first-page":"3320","article-title":"Expression of collagen I, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and vimentin during the healing of alkali-burned and lacerated corneas","volume":"34","author":"Ishizaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31706-9","article-title":"Laser photocoagulation of experimental corneal stromal vascularization: efficacy and histopathology","volume":"100","author":"Nirankari","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Mechanisms of retinal damage after ocular alkali burns","volume":"187","author":"Paschalis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2633-3","article-title":"Anti-neovascular effect of chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix on corneal alkaline burns in rabbits","volume":"252","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib27","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Inhibition of purified collagenase from alkali-burned rabbit corneas","volume":"30","author":"Burns","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib28","first-page":"2665","article-title":"Combined treatment with antioxidants and immunosuppressants on cytokine release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells\u2014chemically injured keratocyte reaction","volume":"17","author":"Yi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"379","article-title":"Corneal changes due to alkali burns","volume":"98","author":"Renard","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK"},{"key":"bib30","first-page":"396","article-title":"Management of chemical injuries of the eye","volume":"35","author":"Maskati","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ind J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.5.613","article-title":"The cellular basis of corneal transparency: evidence for 'corneal crystallins","volume":"112","author":"Jester","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20171128-01","article-title":"Pathophysiology of corneal scarring in persistent epithelial defects after PRK and other corneal injuries","volume":"34","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ref Surg"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.02.018","article-title":"Fibrocyte migration, differentiation and apoptosis during the corneal wound healing response to injury","volume":"170","author":"Lassance","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.2.28","article-title":"Fibrocytes, wound healing and corneal fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738625","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/738625","article-title":"IL-33 enhanced the proliferation and constitutive production of IL-13 and IL-5 by fibrocytes","volume":"2014","author":"Hayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.031","article-title":"Increased phenotypic differentiation and reduced corticosteroid sensitivity of fibrocytes in severe asthma","volume":"135","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108803","article-title":"Descemet's membrane injury and regeneration, and posterior corneal fibrosis in rabbits","volume":"213","author":"Sampaio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26113","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26113","article-title":"Rho kinase inhibitor enables cell-based therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Okumura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12402","article-title":"Structural, morphological, and functional correlates of corneal endothelial toxicity following corneal exposure to sulfur mustard vapor","volume":"54","author":"McNutt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002278","article-title":"Corneal endothelial cell toxicity determines long-term outcome after ocular exposure to sulfur mustard vapor","volume":"39","author":"McNutt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(91)90081-D","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta type 1 binds to collagen IV of basement membrane matrix: implications for development","volume":"143","author":"Paralkar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.10.005","article-title":"The bioactivity of transforming growth factor-beta 1 can be regulated via binding to dermal collagens in mink lung epithelial cells","volume":"41","author":"Shibuya","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2022.04.002","article-title":"Corneal fibroblast collagen type IV negative feedback modulation of TGF beta: a fibrosis modulating system likely active in other organs","volume":"109","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matrix Bio"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T11:01:03Z","timestamp":1664362863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2783469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.11.7.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}}}