{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:52:37Z","timestamp":1790783557923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.2.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T16:31:01Z","timestamp":1708619461000},"page":"18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simulating the Effects of Partial Neural Conduction Delays in the Visual Evoked Potential"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Enyam K. A.","family":"Morny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Haldina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven P.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials: (2016 update)","volume":"133","author":"Odom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.10.1009","article-title":"Pattern reversal evoked visual potential in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Matthews","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00428-8","article-title":"Neurophysiological evidence for long-term repair of MS lesions: implications for axon protection","volume":"206","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5893","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5893.661","article-title":"Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Halliday","year":"1973","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7758","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91155-5","article-title":"Delayed visual evoked response in optic neuritis","volume":"299","author":"Halliday","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib7","first-page":"2094","article-title":"Signal modeling and simulation of temporal dispersion and conduction block in motor nerves","volume":"67","author":"Elzenheimer","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500220019003","article-title":"Conduction in myelinated, unmyelinated, and demyelinated fibers","volume":"34","author":"Waxman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-4231(09)70079-6","article-title":"Chapter 18 Conduction velocity distribution","volume":"7","author":"Schulte-Mattler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00322-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of erythropoietin for the treatment of patients with optic neuritis (TONE): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Lagr\u00e8ze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(70)90004-0","article-title":"Binocular addition of the visually evoked response with different stimulus intensities in man","volume":"10","author":"Cig\u00e1nek","year":"1970","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.094771","article-title":"An unusual presentation of optic neuritis and the Pulfrich phenomenon","volume":"78","author":"O'Doherty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01571319","article-title":"Die Stereoskopie im Dienste der isochromen und heterochromen Photometrie","volume":"10","author":"Pulfrich","year":"1922","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1035329","article-title":"Effect of luminance on the visually-evoked potential in visually-normal individuals and in mTBI\/concussion","volume":"29","author":"Fimreite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1995.9500054h.x","article-title":"The Pulfrich effect in optometric practice","volume":"15","author":"Heron","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1689-6","article-title":"The Pulfrich effect in the clinic","volume":"249","author":"Heng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702459","article-title":"The symptomatic Pulfrich phenomenon can be successfully managed with a coloured lens in front of the good eye - a long-term follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Heron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials: (2016 update)","volume":"133","author":"Odom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000316","article-title":"American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline 2: guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature","volume":"33","author":"Acharya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09904-9","article-title":"Temporal frequency dependence of the polarity inversion between upper and lower visual field in the pattern-onset steady-state visual evoked potential","volume":"146","author":"Kessler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib22","first-page":"2372","article-title":"Development of the human visual system: monocular and binocular pattern VEP latency","volume":"32","author":"McCulloch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-017-9594-x","article-title":"Gender-based normative values for pattern-reversal and flash visually evoked potentials under binocular and monocular stimulation in healthy adults","volume":"135","author":"Dotto P de","year":"2017","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)90049-3","article-title":"Pattern reversal evoked potentials: gender differences and age-related changes in amplitude and latency","volume":"92","author":"Emmerson-Hanover","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199002000-00009","article-title":"Age and binocular advantage: a VEP assessment","volume":"67","author":"Sutija","year":"1990","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01999567","article-title":"Binocular interaction in normal vision studied by pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PR-VEPS)","volume":"18","author":"Di Summa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5893","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5893.661","article-title":"Visual evoked response in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Halliday","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927252","article-title":"Pattern electroretinograms in optic neuritis during the acute stage and after remission","volume":"228","author":"Berninger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1068\/p040003","article-title":"Apparent motion and the Pulfrich effect","volume":"4","author":"Morgan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/12.10.12","article-title":"A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size","volume":"12","author":"Watson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5559","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12319","article-title":"Entrance pupil size predicts retinal illumination in darkly pigmented eyes, but not lightly pigmented eyes","volume":"54","author":"Kardon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-012-2006-8","article-title":"Iris color and visual functions","volume":"251","author":"Nischler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(81)91507-8","article-title":"Binocularity in the human visual evoked potential: facilitation, summation and suppression","volume":"51","author":"Apkarian","year":"1981","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib35","first-page":"356","article-title":"Binocular VEP summation in infants and adults with abnormal binocular histories","volume":"28","author":"Shea","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008360","article-title":"The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination","volume":"193","author":"Barlow","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(78)90189-X","article-title":"The effect of experimental \u2018scotomata\u2019 on the ipsilateral and contralateral responses to pattern-reversal in one half-field","volume":"45","author":"Blumhardt","year":"1978","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(90)90020-E","article-title":"Amplitude asymmetry of hemifield pattern reversal VEPs in healthy subjects","volume":"77","author":"Abe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00143951","article-title":"Pattern electroretinogram: Effects of miosis, accommodation, and defocus","volume":"67","author":"Leipert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701573","article-title":"Electrophysiological assessment of optic nerve disease","volume":"18","author":"Holder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1997.231","article-title":"The pattern electroretinogram in anterior visual pathway dysfunction and its relationship to the pattern visual evoked potential: a personal clinical review of 743 eyes","volume":"11","author":"Holder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-022-09896-6","article-title":"Pattern ERGs suggest a possible retinal contribution to the visual acuity loss in acute optic neuritis","volume":"145","author":"Kleerekooper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Origin of the visual evoked potential","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision","author":"Fahle","year":"2006"},{"key":"bib10","article-title":"Treatment with erythropoietin for patients with optic neuritis long-term follow-up","author":"K\u00fcchlin"},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"501","article-title":"Visually evoked potentials","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Creel","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T16:31:06Z","timestamp":1708619466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.13.2.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}}}