{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:14:05Z","timestamp":1776950045818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.4.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T15:34:06Z","timestamp":1712158446000},"page":"7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Peripheral Refraction Using Ancillary Retinoscope Component (P-ARC)"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Swapnil","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Research Lab - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Maldoddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Research Lab - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manogna","family":"Vangipuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manasa","family":"Kalivemula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai Naga Sri Harsha","family":"Ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anche","family":"Karthikesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Technology Innovation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavan K.","family":"Verkicharla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myopia Research Lab - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"},{"name":"Infor Myopia Centre (prevention & control), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000306646","article-title":"Acquired myopia in young pilots","volume":"163","author":"Hoogerheide","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00746.x","article-title":"Peripheral refraction and the development of refractive error: a review","volume":"30","author":"Charman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10278","article-title":"Peripheral refractive changes associated with myopia progression","volume":"54","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo","article-title":"Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students","volume":"15","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.023","article-title":"Peripheral refraction along the horizontal and vertical visual fields in myopia","volume":"46","author":"Atchison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000905","article-title":"Peripheral refraction, peripheral eye length, and retinal shape in myopia","volume":"93","author":"Verkicharla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2020.03.018","article-title":"Overnight orthokeratology","volume":"43","author":"Bullimore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2015.1050743","article-title":"Efficacy, safety and acceptability of orthokeratology on slowing axial elongation in myopic children by meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000036","article-title":"Multifocal contact lens myopia control","volume":"90","author":"Walline","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000808","article-title":"Myopia control with bifocal contact lenses: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"93","author":"Aller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2022.0125","article-title":"Peripheral defocus and myopia management: a mini-review","volume":"37","author":"Erdinest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.v43.3","article-title":"Changes in relative peripheral refraction in children who switched from single-vision lenses to defocus incorporated multiple segments lenses","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib13","first-page":"1171","article-title":"One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets","volume":"106","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000306229","article-title":"Peripheral retinoscopy and the skiagram","volume":"162","author":"Rempt","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000307868","article-title":"Influence of correction of peripheral refractive errors on peripheral static vision","volume":"173","author":"Rempt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.79","article-title":"The impact of off the visual axis retinoscopy on objective central refractive measurement in adult clinical practice: a prospective, randomized clinical study","volume":"25","author":"Tay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1123_21","article-title":"Refractive changes during off-the-axis retinoscopy in myopia","volume":"70","author":"Chaurasiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4055.1207","article-title":"Peripheral motion detection and refractive error","volume":"177","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000307868","article-title":"Influence of correction of peripheral refractive errors on peripheral static vision","volume":"173","author":"Rempt","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000159366.61943.62","article-title":"Assessment of objective and subjective eccentric refraction","volume":"82","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.4.3.372","article-title":"Age differences in peripheral refractive error","volume":"4","author":"Scialfa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001890","article-title":"Asymmetric peripheral refraction profile in myopes along the horizontal meridian","volume":"99","author":"Yelagondula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.02.012","article-title":"The effect of off-the-visual-axis retinoscopy on objective refractive measurement","volume":"137","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213944","article-title":"Practice, refractive error, and feedback as factors influencing peripheral motion thresholds","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Percept Psychophysics"},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"666","article-title":"Resolution of gratings oriented along and across meridians in peripheral vision","volume":"23","author":"Rovamo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib26","first-page":"584","article-title":"Subjective refraction of the peripheral field using contrast detection acuity","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00606.x","article-title":"Peripheral astigmatism in emmetropic eyes","volume":"21","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.002363","article-title":"Peripheral refractive errors in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic young subjects","volume":"19","author":"Seidemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200307000-00015","article-title":"Eccentric correction for off-axis vision in central visual field loss","volume":"80","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200309000-00011","article-title":"Comparison of peripheral refractions determined by different instruments","volume":"80","author":"Atchison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31819fa727","article-title":"A review of peripheral refraction techniques","volume":"86","author":"Fedtke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092294","article-title":"Myopia control effect is influenced by baseline relative peripheral refraction in children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.v43.5","article-title":"Relative peripheral hyperopia leads to greater short-term axial length growth in White children with myopia","volume":"43","author":"Leighton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01723-5","article-title":"A descriptive study of samples sizes used in agreement studies published in the PubMed repository","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI - defining and classifying myopia: a proposed set of standards for clinical and epidemiologic studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1157","article-title":"Determination of the location of the fovea on the fundus","volume":"45","author":"Rohrschneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2021.1970480","article-title":"Alterations in peripheral refraction with spectacles, soft contact lenses and orthokeratology during near viewing: implications for myopia control","volume":"105","author":"Damani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12112","article-title":"A psychophysical technique for estimating the accuracy and precision of retinoscopy","volume":"97","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00584.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 autorefractor in children","volume":"21","author":"Chat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib42","first-page":"743","article-title":"Near work, visual fatigue, and variations of oculomotor tonus","volume":"28","author":"Owens","year":"1987","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.v43.3","article-title":"Association between relative peripheral refraction and corresponding electro-retinal signals","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.04.009","article-title":"Comparison of open-field autorefraction, closed-field autorefraction, and retinoscopy for refractive measurements of children and adolescents in Taiwan","volume":"119","author":"Kuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"bib46","first-page":"108","article-title":"Some sources of discrepancy between static retinoscopy and subjective refraction","volume":"30","author":"Charman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.1.2","article-title":"Does the accuracy and repeatability of refractive error estimates depend on the measurement principle of autorefractors?","volume":"10","author":"Padhy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20120821-04","article-title":"A comparison of different autorefractors with retinoscopy in children","volume":"49","author":"Oral","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12063","article-title":"A comparison of the Plusoptix S08 photorefractor to retinoscopy and cycloretinoscopy","volume":"96","author":"Mirzajani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.61.001522","article-title":"Theoretical eye model with aspherics","volume":"61","author":"Lotmar","year":"1971","journal-title":"JOSA"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.08.003","article-title":"Eccentricity-dependent effects of simultaneous competing defocus on emmetropization in infant rhesus monkeys","volume":"177","author":"Smith Iii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0875","article-title":"Posterior retinal contour in adult human anisomyopia","volume":"45","author":"Logan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4747","article-title":"Peripheral refraction in different ethnicities","volume":"51","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00558.x","article-title":"Fatigue reduces tonic accommodation","volume":"21","author":"Hasebe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.08.011","article-title":"Square wave jerks in children and adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Salman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000999","article-title":"Evaluation of the SVOne handheld autorefractor in a pediatric population","volume":"94","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003128601","volume-title":"Optics of the human eye","author":"Atchison","year":"2023"},{"key":"bib52","volume-title":"Clinical procedures in primary eye care E-Book","author":"Elliott","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T15:35:27Z","timestamp":1712158527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.13.4.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]}}}