{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:00:20Z","timestamp":1791529220726,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.5.9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T15:30:40Z","timestamp":1715700640000},"page":"9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Damage Assessment in Glaucomatous Eyes Using Retinal Retardance Measured by Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Reshma Radhakrishnan","family":"Parakkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damon","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monisha Esther","family":"Nongpiur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel Shujuan","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopold","family":"Schmetterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"suppl. 2","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii15","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304326","article-title":"OCT for glaucoma diagnosis, screening and detection of glaucoma progression","volume":"98","author":"Bussel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.04.013","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: a variability and diagnostic performance study","volume":"116","author":"Leung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"79\u201380","key":"bib3","first-page":"66","article-title":"Visual field testing for glaucoma \u2013 a practical guide","volume":"25","author":"Broadway","year":"2012","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0827","article-title":"Visual field progression in glaucoma: total versus pattern deviation analyses","volume":"46","author":"Artes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e211","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2016.94.issue-3","article-title":"Impact of segmentation errors and retinal blood vessels on retinal nerve fibre layer measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"94","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001222","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography segmentation errors of the retinal nerve fiber layer persist over time","volume":"28","author":"Nagarkatti-Gude","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.020","article-title":"Automated segmentation errors when using optical coherence tomography to measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma","volume":"174","author":"Mansberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.11.010","article-title":"Estimating optical coherence tomography structural measurement floors to improve detection of progression in advanced glaucoma","volume":"175","author":"Bowd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229867","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229867","article-title":"Estimation of the central 10-degree visual field using en-face images obtained by optical coherence tomography","volume":"15","author":"Iikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249856","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249856","article-title":"Predicting eyes at risk for rapid glaucoma progression based on an initial visual field test using machine learning","volume":"16","author":"Shuldiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.020","article-title":"Assessment of the reliability of standard automated perimetry in regions of glaucomatous damage","volume":"121","author":"Gardiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.06.003","article-title":"Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eye","volume":"30","author":"Pircher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.002736","article-title":"Fiber-based polarization-sensitive OCT of the human retina with correction of system polarization distortions","volume":"5","author":"Braaf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.402475","article-title":"Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in patients with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy by polarization sensitive OCT","volume":"11","author":"Desissaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.12.8","article-title":"Birefringent properties of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in healthy and glaucoma subjects analyzed by polarization-sensitive OCT","volume":"63","author":"Steiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1160","article-title":"Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography","volume":"45","author":"Cense","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014013","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2841024","article-title":"Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry","volume":"13","author":"Yamanari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10252","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.010252","article-title":"Birefringence measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer by swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography","volume":"19","author":"Elmaanaoui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.v1:2","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison","volume":"1","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10089","article-title":"Measuring retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence, retardation, and thickness using wide-field, high-speed polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT","volume":"54","author":"Zotter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01062-w","article-title":"Posterior scleral birefringence measured by triple-input polarization-sensitive imaging as a biomarker of myopia progression","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.07.044","article-title":"Categorizing the stage of glaucoma from pre-diagnosis to end-stage disease","volume":"141","author":"Mills","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.382755","article-title":"Vectorial birefringence imaging by optical coherence microscopy for assessing fibrillar microstructures in the cornea and limbus","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760408.x","article-title":"SITA Fast, a new rapid perimetric threshold test. Description of methods and evaluation in patients with manifest and suspect glaucoma","volume":"76","author":"Bengtsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/ejos.ejos_5_18","article-title":"Correlation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and perimetric changes in primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"111","author":"El-Naby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Egypt Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319739","article-title":"Combining retinal and choroidal microvascular metrics improves discriminative power for diabetic retinopathy","volume":"107","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v025.i14","article-title":"GEEQBOX: a MATLAB toolbox for generalized estimating equations and quasi-least squares","volume":"25","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245","article-title":"Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix","volume":"87","author":"Steiger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.v1528.1","article-title":"Neurovascular segregation of the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma","volume":"1528","author":"Yow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.6.827","article-title":"Comparison of the GDx VCC scanning laser polarimeter, HRT II confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and stratus OCT optical coherence tomograph for the detection of glaucoma","volume":"122","author":"Medeiros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108992","article-title":"Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer assessment of spectral domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry to diagnose preperimetric glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5366","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2081","article-title":"Analysis of the origin of atypical scanning laser polarimetry patterns by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography","volume":"49","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.3.303","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma","volume":"84","author":"Morgan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315985","article-title":"Factors affecting the diagnostic performance of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer measurement in glaucoma","volume":"105","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib23","volume-title":"CIRRUS HD-OCT User Manual","author":"Carl Zeiss Meditec","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T15:30:47Z","timestamp":1715700647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2793660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.13.5.9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]}}}