{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:27:02Z","timestamp":1780504022823,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.8.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T14:37:36Z","timestamp":1722523056000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation of Visual System Biomarkers With Motor Deficits in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Elwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheyanne R.","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy H.","family":"Kardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver W.","family":"Gramlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.05.010","article-title":"Pathology and disease mechanisms in different stages of multiple sclerosis","volume":"333","author":"Lassmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000631","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: eyes on the future","volume":"38","author":"Costello","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/EB","article-title":"Retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography: a biomarker in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292403","article-title":"The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group","volume":"329","author":"Beck","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v64:3","article-title":"Axonal loss and myelin in early ON loss in postacute optic neuritis","volume":"64","author":"Klistorner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70071-5","article-title":"Clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis, part I: natural history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.9.747","article-title":"The ocular manifestations of multiple sclerosis. 1. Abnormalities of the afferent visual system","volume":"55","author":"McDonald","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-012-9353-y","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical pattern electroretinography (PERG): 2012 update","volume":"126","author":"Bach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8571","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8376","article-title":"Retinal pathway origins of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG)","volume":"52","author":"Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000094315.19931.90","article-title":"Contrast letter acuity as a visual component for the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite","volume":"61","author":"Balcer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200312000-00010","article-title":"The multifocal visual evoked potential","volume":"23","author":"Hood","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq346","article-title":"Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography","volume":"134","author":"Saidha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.v8.12","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year prospective multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006873","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography is highly sensitive in detecting prior optic neuritis","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bib15","first-page":"426","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma (an AOS thesis)","volume":"106","author":"Schuman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00068-5","article-title":"Retinal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography and risk of disability worsening in multiple sclerosis: a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Martinez-Lapiscina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.573","article-title":"Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"Saidha","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710000915X","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer and future risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Costello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513485149","article-title":"Predictive value of 1 month retinal nerve fiber layer thinning for deficits at 6 months after acute optic neuritis","volume":"19","author":"Kupersmith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"bib20","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Costello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30278-8","article-title":"Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Petzold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.2011.164.issue-4","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00008-X","article-title":"The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS: utility for understanding disease pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"122","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1583-4","article-title":"Monitoring retinal changes with optical coherence tomography predicts neuronal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"16","author":"Cruz-Herranz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.00050","article-title":"Optic neuritis and retinal ganglion cell loss in a chronic murine model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Quinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10738","article-title":"T-cell activation and receptor downmodulation precede deletion induced by mucosally administered antigen","volume":"106","author":"Benson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.7104","article-title":"IL-12p35-deficient mice are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: evidence for redundancy in the IL-12 system in the induction of central nervous system autoimmune demyelination","volume":"169","author":"Gran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271118","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1271118","article-title":"Acriflavine, a HIF-1 inhibitor, preserves vision in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of optic neuritis","volume":"14","author":"Anders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101437","article-title":"Targeting cholesterol homeostasis improves recovery in experimental optic neuritis","volume":"12","author":"Godwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3182934978","article-title":"Anatomy of the visual pathways","volume":"22","author":"De Moraes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52903-9.00007-8","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the afferent visual system","volume":"102","author":"Prasad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.009","article-title":"Eye smarter than scientists believed: neural computations in circuits of the retina","volume":"65","author":"Gollisch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2174\/187152712801661185","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography detection of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Lidster","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610368890","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography as a potential readout in clinical trials","volume":"3","author":"Greenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2302","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.v11.10","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography monitoring and diagnosing retinal changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Mehmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1099","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001099","article-title":"CNS involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: subtle retinal changes in optical coherence tomography","volume":"9","author":"Ingwersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"bib37","first-page":"e51275","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"86","author":"Bittner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.8.16","article-title":"Systemic mesenchymal stem cell treatment mitigates structural and functional retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Gramlich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761776","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761776","article-title":"Semi-automated live tracking of microglial activation in CX3CR1(GFP) mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy","volume":"12","author":"Frenger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2023.02.029","article-title":"Differential effects of SARM1 inhibition in traumatic glaucoma and EAE optic neuropathies","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7581","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147581","article-title":"Early functional impairment in experimental glaucoma is accompanied by disruption of the GABAergic System and inceptive neuroinflammation","volume":"22","author":"Gramlich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-13943","article-title":"Robust mouse pattern electroretinograms derived simultaneously from each eye using a common snout electrode","volume":"55","author":"Chou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.3.5.8","article-title":"Automated 3D segmentation of intraretinal surfaces in SD-OCT volumes in normal and diabetic mice","volume":"3","author":"Antony","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01889-z","article-title":"Comparison of different optomotor response readouts for visual testing in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-optic neuritis","volume":"17","author":"Hecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070629","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell loss induced by acute optic neuritis in a relapsing model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Shindler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1815-18.2019","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and their derived cytokine, interleukin-35, reduce pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"39","author":"Duffy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55713-7","article-title":"Scoring disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis using a novel infrared-based automated activity-monitoring system","volume":"9","author":"Shahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib48","first-page":"332","article-title":"Myelin-specific Th17 cells induce severe relapsing optic neuritis with irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"22","author":"Larabee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113954","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1113954","article-title":"Dietary protection against the visual and motor deficits induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Zyla-Jackson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00030-6","article-title":"Pattern electroretinography (PERG) and an integrated approach to visual pathway diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Holder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.8.879","article-title":"Pattern electroretinogram in multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Serra","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11201","article-title":"Photopic negative response versus pattern electroretinogram in early glaucoma","volume":"54","author":"Preiser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01603-0","article-title":"Non-invasive electrophysiology in glaucoma, structure and function-a review","volume":"35","author":"Al-Nosairy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-019-0008-y","article-title":"Aged mice show an increased mortality after anesthesia with a standard dose of ketamine\/xylazine","volume":"35","author":"Schuetze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Anim Res"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-007-9079-4","article-title":"Isoflurane is an effective alternative to ketamine\/xylazine\/acepromazine as an anesthetic agent for the mouse electroretinogram","volume":"115","author":"Woodward","year":"2007","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib56","first-page":"1242","article-title":"[Optical Coherence Tomography in Disorders of the Central Nervous System]","volume":"235","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v92.3","article-title":"Longitudinal retinal changes in MOGAD","volume":"92","author":"Oertel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01391-y","article-title":"Visual imaging as a predictor of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination and multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Mey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"bib59","first-page":"264","article-title":"Promising artificial intelligence-machine learning-deep learning algorithms in ophthalmology","volume":"8","author":"Balyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-331183","article-title":"Visual function resists early neurodegeneration in the visual system in primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2800633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T14:37:43Z","timestamp":1722523063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2800633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.13.8.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}