{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T13:34:19Z","timestamp":1766583259019,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.12.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T13:30:43Z","timestamp":1766583043000},"page":"25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Malnutrition and Early-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Using Three Nutritional Scoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuanglin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danmin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingfei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","article-title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"9","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101017","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: A critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-016-0063-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors","volume":"3","author":"Pennington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjo.2024.100036","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001154","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001154","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits are strongly associated with coexistent high-risk vascular diseases","volume":"7","author":"Gerardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2016.08.011","article-title":"Association between decreased renal function and reticular macular disease in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"1","author":"Leisy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.09.008","article-title":"The epidemiology of retinal reticular drusen","volume":"145","author":"Klein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187672","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1187672","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition in patients with acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003661","article-title":"Associations of obesity and malnutrition with cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian adults: a cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Chien","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10380","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02612-5","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults","volume":"401","author":"Dent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082764","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults-recent advances and remaining challenges","volume":"13","author":"Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.05.006","article-title":"Prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition risk in European older adults in community, residential and hospital settings, according to 22 malnutrition screening tools validated for use in adults =65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Leij-Halfwerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.49890","article-title":"The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2024.110159","article-title":"Choroidal macrophages in homeostasis, aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"250","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131708","article-title":"Beyond the complement cascade: insights into systemic immunosenescence and inflammaging in age-related macular degeneration and current barriers to treatment","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051159","article-title":"Inflammation and nutrition: friend or foe?","volume":"15","author":"Stumpf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10386","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02609-5","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"401","author":"Guymer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2023.09.002","article-title":"Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"46","author":"Merle","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1541","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15191","article-title":"What did we learn in 35?years of research on nutrition and supplements for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Pameijer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13721","article-title":"Malnutrition and retinal vascular caliber in the elderly: the POLA study","volume":"55","author":"Daien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001490","article-title":"Evaluation using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the effects of malnutrition on ocular parameters in pediatric patients","volume":"97","author":"Tekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103267","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of macular microvasculature in childhood malnutrition using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"41","author":"Yesilkaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.06.009","article-title":"A revised hemodynamic theory of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Gelfand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94676-6","article-title":"The impact of vascular risk factors on the thickness and volume of the choroid in AMD patients","volume":"11","author":"Krytkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.11.002","article-title":"Choroidal imaging biomarkers","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.04.018","article-title":"Association between malnutrition and long-term mortality in older adults with ischemic stroke","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90246-9","article-title":"Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"139","author":"Buzby","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"bib30","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: a tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population","volume":"20","author":"Ignacio de Ul\u00edbarri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03708-x","article-title":"The impact of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on functional prognosis in hospitalized elderly patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures","volume":"22","author":"Yamaura","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101017","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: a critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.12.010","article-title":"Age-related choroidal atrophy","volume":"147","author":"Spaide","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-318782","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index: a step towards software as a medical device","volume":"106","author":"Betzler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13904","article-title":"Effect of nutritional index on lenvatinib treatment retention rates in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431140","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2431140","article-title":"Assessing the predictive power of nutritional indices on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"bib38","first-page":"5803","article-title":"Association of nutritional indices and prognosis of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000730","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000730","article-title":"Impact of nutritional indices on mortality in patients with heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Yoshihisa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-024-03059-z","article-title":"May the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) play a role in predicting age-related macular degeneration?","volume":"44","author":"Katipoglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.02.018","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition using 3 scoring systems among outpatients with heart failure: a comparison with body mass index","volume":"6","author":"Sze","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.058","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Raposeiras Roub\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1159\/000541481","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"67","author":"Vidal-Oliver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e597","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13399","article-title":"Choroidal vascular changes in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"95","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2967","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002967","article-title":"Assessment of choroidal microstructure and subfoveal thickness change in eyes with different stages of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"95","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002667","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index and choroidal thickness in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"40","author":"Velaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02134-y","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits as a biomarker of age-related macular degeneration progression via reduction of the choroidal vascularity index","volume":"37","author":"Abdolrahimzadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"202","key":"bib49","first-page":"e65918","article-title":"Determining gender-based differences in retinal and choroidal thickness in underweight individuals via swept-source optical coherence tomography","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bib50","first-page":"25158414231180985","article-title":"The impact of obesity on ocular hemodynamics and choroidal thickness","volume":"15","author":"Tufek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103515","article-title":"Associations between body mass index and choroidal thickness, superficial and deep retinal vascular indices, and foveal avascular zone measured by OCTA","volume":"42","author":"Ozgur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721211043751","article-title":"Association of choroidal structure and body mass index in an adult population","volume":"32","author":"Temel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib53","first-page":"314","article-title":"A requiem for BMI in the clinical setting","volume":"20","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.01.018","article-title":"Utilization and validation of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): A scoping review","volume":"41","author":"Correia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.029","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen and their association with age-related macular degeneration: the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study","volume":"123","author":"Finger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0266","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of reticular pseudodrusen using multimodal imaging","volume":"138","author":"Dutheil","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0776-3","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration associated polymorphism rs10490924 in ARMS2 results in deficiency of a complement activator","volume":"14","author":"Micklisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"bib58","first-page":"635","article-title":"Interactions between apolipoprotein E metabolism and retinal inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2811282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1766583045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2811282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.14.12.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]}}}