{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:14:11Z","timestamp":1792271651575,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.6.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T15:30:33Z","timestamp":1749742233000},"page":"26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Subclassification of Presbyopia Based on Lens Functional and Structural Features"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiangjia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Cataract and Lens Refractive Surgery Group, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of presbyopia and vision impairment from uncorrected presbyopia","volume":"125","author":"Fricke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.014","article-title":"The global burden of potential productivity loss from uncorrected presbyopia","volume":"122","author":"Frick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20210408-06","article-title":"Future trends in presbyopia correction","volume":"37","author":"Mercer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.09.004","article-title":"Presbyopia: effectiveness of correction strategies","volume":"68","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000770","article-title":"Pharmacological strategies for treating presbyopia","volume":"32","author":"Orman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50288-w","article-title":"Factors influencing the need and willingness for presbyopic correction: a cross sectional study from south India","volume":"13","author":"Khurana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-018-0190-3","article-title":"Characterization of the dysfunctional lens syndrome and a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Waring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4318405","article-title":"From presbyopia to cataracts: a critical review on dysfunctional lens syndrome","volume":"2018","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.04.034","article-title":"Crystalline lens optical dysfunction through aging","volume":"112","author":"Ali\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib11","first-page":"2763","article-title":"Long-term follow-up for monovision surgery by Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation for myopia correction in early presbyopia","volume":"260","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000001018","article-title":"A review of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses","volume":"35","author":"Reinstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204792","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1204792","article-title":"Binocular imbalance in patients after Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation or femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for myopia with presbyopia","volume":"17","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.08.002","article-title":"Cataract surgery following refractive surgery: principles to achieve optical success and patient satisfaction","volume":"69","author":"Ferguson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S400083","article-title":"The novel optical design and clinical classification of a wavefront-shaping presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens","volume":"17","author":"Kohnen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101152","article-title":"Regulation of lens water content: effects on the physiological optics of the lens","volume":"95","author":"Donaldson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1584676","article-title":"Dysfunctional lens index serves as a novel surgery decision-maker for age-related nuclear cataracts","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12051167","article-title":"Characterization of dysfunctional lens index and opacity grade in a healthy population","volume":"12","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Plaza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03199-3","article-title":"Comparison of corneal and lens density measurements obtained by Pentacam and CASIA2 in myopes","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319205","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of anterior lens density after Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation in patients with myopia over 40 years old","volume":"106","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.03.008","article-title":"Monitoring glaucomatous functional loss using an artificial intelligence\u2013enabled dashboard","volume":"127","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02680-8","article-title":"Objective cataract grading methods and expected contrast sensitivity reestablishment with multifocal intraocular lenses","volume":"43","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.100802","article-title":"Spatiotemporal changes in the human lens proteome: critical insights into long-lived proteins","volume":"76","author":"Schey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.01.013","article-title":"On the growth and internal structure of the human lens","volume":"90","author":"Augusteyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980023002720","article-title":"Store-specific grocery shopping patterns and their association with objective and perceived retail food environments","volume":"27","author":"Recchia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266201","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1266201","article-title":"Childhood cerebral visual impairment subtype classification based on an extensive versus a limited test battery","volume":"17","author":"Philip","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e205998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205998","article-title":"Keratoconus severity identification using unsupervised machine learning","volume":"13","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2259_20","article-title":"Review of current status of refractive lens exchange and role of dysfunctional lens index as its new indication","volume":"68","author":"Kaweri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20230726-02","article-title":"Clinical and aberrometric outcomes of a new implantable collamer lens for myopia and presbyopia correction in phakic patients","volume":"39","author":"Alfonso","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.004","article-title":"Biomechanics of the human lens and accommodative system: functional relevance to physiological states","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.05.002","article-title":"Presbyopia and cataract: a question of heat and time","volume":"29","author":"Truscott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20161206-05","article-title":"Correlations of objective metrics for quantifying dysfunctional lens syndrome with visual acuity and phacodynamics","volume":"33","author":"Faria-Correia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102206","article-title":"Evaluation of anterior segment parameters with Pentacam in children with poorly-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy","volume":"33","author":"Karahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102423","article-title":"Evaluation of changes in lens optical densitometry using Pentacam HR after renal transplantation: a prospective study","volume":"35","author":"\u00d6nc\u00fcl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102406","article-title":"Automatic quantitative assessment of lens opacities using two anterior segment imaging techniques: correlation with functional and surgical metrics","volume":"12","author":"Mackenbrock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691173","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.691173","article-title":"Comparison of the IOLMaster 700 and the Pentacam in the analysis of the lens nuclear density before the cataract surgery","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.06.003","article-title":"Objective quantification of lens opacity in posterior subcapsular cataracts using IOL Master 700 and CASIA-2","volume":"254","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.025","article-title":"Subclassification of primary angle closure using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopic parameters","volume":"124","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.05.028","article-title":"Subgrouping of primary angle-closure suspects based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters","volume":"120","author":"Nongpiur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib9","article-title":"Dysfunctional lens syndrome, a new way to educate patients","volume-title":"Am Acad Ophthalmol","author":"Medeiros","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2803126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T15:30:34Z","timestamp":1749742234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2803126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.14.6.26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]}}}