{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:46:05Z","timestamp":1768833965482,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.6.31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T13:30:33Z","timestamp":1750771833000},"page":"31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment Efficacy of a Dual Release of Aflibercept and Dexamethasone From a Single Hydrogel Drug Delivery System in a Rodent Model"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Rudeen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Local Delivery Translational Sciences, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chryssa M.","family":"Maloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Lydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leandro B. C.","family":"Teixeria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Mieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Kang-Mieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304033","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe: 1990\u20132010","volume":"98","author":"Bourne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-016-0079-x","article-title":"AMD and the alternative complement pathway: genetics and functional implications","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Genomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib4","first-page":"34","article-title":"The pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"5","author":"Campochiaro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.12.001","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"51","author":"Donoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib6","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular permeability changes in human diabetic retinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Mathews","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders","volume":"331","author":"Aiello","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140172010","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is sufficient to produce iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma in a nonhuman primate","volume":"114","author":"Tolentino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","first-page":"574","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor is temporally and spatially correlated with ocular angiogenesis in a primate model","volume":"145","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01739641","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in choroidal neovascularization in rats","volume":"235","author":"Yi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11121329","article-title":"Predictive biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration response to anti-VEGF treatment","volume":"11","author":"Oca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051049","article-title":"Anti-VEGF-resistant retinal diseases: a review of the latest treatment options","volume":"10","author":"Wallsh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S115121","article-title":"Resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1636031","article-title":"Innovative therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Al-Khersan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000318877","article-title":"Intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab in combination with full-fluence verteporfin therapy and dexamethasone for exudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Forte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S224456","article-title":"Adding a corticosteroid or switching to another anti-VEGF in insufficiently responsive wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2011.577130","article-title":"Review of combination therapies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Couch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.2014.884559","article-title":"Emerging treatments for wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Emerg Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2016.1213240","article-title":"Current advances in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Villegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000193107.00089.ee","article-title":"The use of intravitreal corticosteroids, evidence-based and otherwise","volume":"17","author":"Conti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318285cb71","article-title":"LuceDex: a prospective study comparing ranibizumab plus dexamethasone combination therapy versus ranibizumab monotherapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Ranchod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1533983","article-title":"Biodegradable microsphere-hydrogel ocular drug delivery system for controlled and extended release of bioactive aflibercept in vitro","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.1.12","article-title":"Characterization of biodegradable microsphere-hydrogel ocular drug delivery system for controlled and extended release of ranibizumab","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.11.13","article-title":"Treatment efficacy and biocompatibility of a biodegradable aflibercept-loaded microsphere-hydrogel drug delivery system","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.3.30","article-title":"Safety and biocompatibility of aflibercept-loaded microsphere thermo-responsive hydrogel drug delivery system in a nonhuman primate model","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1314-7","article-title":"Controlled and extended release of a model protein from a microsphere-hydrogel drug delivery system","volume":"43","author":"Osswald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6105","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer assessment: area versus thickness measurements from elliptical scans centered on the optic nerve","volume":"52","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2013.11.005","article-title":"Objective area measurement technique for choroidal neovascularization from fluorescein angiography","volume":"91","author":"Guthrie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2053166","article-title":"Simultaneous release of aflibercept and dexamethasone from an ocular drug delivery system","volume":"47","author":"Rudeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.11.028","article-title":"Encapsulation of dexamethasone into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles","volume":"331","author":"G\u00f3mez-Gaete","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.04.002","article-title":"The potential of using biodegradable microspheres in retinal diseases and other intraocular pathologies","volume":"42","author":"Herrero-Vanrell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1163\/092050609X12578498952315","article-title":"Role of thermo-responsiveness and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate cross-link density on protein release from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels","volume":"22","author":"Drapala","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomater Sci Polym Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.05.003","article-title":"Animal models of choroidal and retinal neovascularization","volume":"29","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000063886","article-title":"Natural course of experimental choroidal neovascularization: three-dimensional study with corrosion cast and scanning electron microscope","volume":"34","author":"Kuroki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1329","article-title":"Subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy reduces experimental choroidal neovascularization in the mouse without collateral damage to the neural retina","volume":"45","author":"Ming","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.058","article-title":"The effects of cross-linked thermo-responsive PNIPAAm-based hydrogel injection on retinal function","volume":"32","author":"Turturro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5356371","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5356371","article-title":"Ocular biocompatibility of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)","volume":"2016","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1302590","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of an injectable microsphere-hydrogel ocular drug delivery system","volume":"42","author":"Osswald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523801183021","article-title":"Intraretinal analysis of the a-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) in dark-adapted intact cat retina","volume":"18","author":"Derwent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019111","article-title":"A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors","volume":"449","author":"Lamb","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"bib42","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: current and emerging treatments","volume":"6","author":"Sadaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.09.001","article-title":"Acute effects of glaucoma medications on rat intraocular pressure","volume":"80","author":"Pang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.06.003","article-title":"Animal models of age related macular degeneration","volume":"33","author":"Pennesi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.05.003","article-title":"Animal models of choroidal and retinal neovascularization","volume":"29","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000063886","article-title":"Natural course of experimental choroidal neovascularization: three-dimensional study with corrosion cast and scanning electron microscope","volume":"34","author":"Kuroki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000268040","article-title":"Repair of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaries after laser photocoagulation: correlations between scanning electron, transmission electron and light microscopy","volume":"29","author":"Pollack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib48","first-page":"354","article-title":"Analysis of the photopic electroretinogram recorded before and after dark adaptation","volume":"22","author":"Lachapelle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0479p.x","article-title":"Light adaptation and dark adaptation of human rod photoreceptors measured from the a-wave of the electroretinogram","volume":"518","author":"Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21356","article-title":"Determination of a no-observable effect level for endotoxin following a single intravitreal administration to Dutch Belted rabbits","volume":"58","author":"Bantseev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2012.747524","article-title":"Uveitis in mouse and man","volume":"32","author":"Forrester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib52","first-page":"382","article-title":"Time course of rabbit ocular inflammatory response and mediator release after intravitreal endotoxin","volume":"31","author":"Csukas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11747","article-title":"Treatment of acute posterior uveitis in a porcine model by injection of triamcinolone acetonide into the suprachoroidal space using microneedles","volume":"54","author":"Gilger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(80)90093-7","article-title":"Replacement of the liquid vitreous with sodium hyaluronate in monkeys. II. Long-term evaluation","volume":"31","author":"Denlinger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.05.003","article-title":"Animal models of choroidal and retinal neovascularization","volume":"29","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1586\/17469899.2014.939171","article-title":"Animal models of age-related macular degeneration and their translatability into the clinic","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0159-x","article-title":"Biodegradable implants for sustained drug release in the eye.","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.2.261","article-title":"Drug delivery from ocular implants.","volume":"3","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.026","article-title":"Intra-ocular implants for extended drug delivery: therapeutic applications.","volume":"58","author":"Bourges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780634.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/780634","article-title":"Drug delivery implants in the treatment of vitreous inflammation.","volume":"2013:","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E257","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004686","article-title":"Biodegradable microspheres and hydrogel drug delivery system of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor and growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) reduces disk inflammation in the rabbit model","volume":"48","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"bib11","article-title":"Eylea (aflibercept) injection for intravitreal use [package insert on the Internet]","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2803169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T13:30:35Z","timestamp":1750771835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2803169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.14.6.31","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}}}