{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:55:06Z","timestamp":1782219306677,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.15.6.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:31:10Z","timestamp":1782217870000},"page":"27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalized Dosing System Guided by Cross-Scale Metabolic Imaging Biomarkers in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuejing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingli","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age- related macular degeneration: a review","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222545","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2222545","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 15-year epidemiological study in a population-based cohort in Finland","volume":"55","author":"Korva-Gurung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-21047-x","article-title":"Global burden of low vision and blindness due to age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2050","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02221-0","article-title":"Treat & extend in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: how we got here and where do we go next?","volume":"37","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13004","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241613004","article-title":"Twenty years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapeutics in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment","volume":"24","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02020-7","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and treatment burden of treat-and-extend versus alternative anti-VEGF regimens for nAMD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104635","article-title":"Predicting response to anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using random forest and SHAP algorithms","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/life14101220","article-title":"Review of guideline recommendations for optimal anti-VEGF therapy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Moraru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2025.04.11","article-title":"OCT predictors of retinal atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with aflibercept","volume":"18","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2025.06.018","article-title":"Baseline OCT biomarkers predicting visual outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Nanji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75530-x","article-title":"Baseline optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers predict visual outcomes in treatment-na\u00efve neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients","volume":"14","author":"Faghihi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02360-4","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography imaging biomarkers associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Hanson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bib13","first-page":"9994098","article-title":"OCT biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a narrative review","volume":"2021","author":"Metrangolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.0c00036","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of the aqueous humor in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration using UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S475920","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomic study of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration in aqueous humor","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59045-z","article-title":"Metabolomic-derived endotypes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a step towards identification of disease subgroups","volume":"14","author":"Mendez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02565","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in inflammaging: from biomarker to therapeutic target","volume":"10","author":"Sorgdrager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051579","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity of indole-3-acetic acid involves induction of HO-1 and neutralization of free radicals in RAW264.7 cells","volume":"21","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403844","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1403844","article-title":"Metabolomics studies in common multifactorial eye disorders: a review of biomarker discovery for age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and myopia","volume":"11","author":"Belete","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010103","article-title":"Essential role of multi-omics approaches in the study of retinal vascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2019.05.018","article-title":"Unbiased data analytic strategies to improve biomarker discovery in precision medicine","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58346-3","article-title":"A serum metabolomics study of patients with nAMD in response to anti-VEGF therapy","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-6980(01)00110-1","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic acid synthesis and release","volume":"64","author":"Pag\u00e8s","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-008-9113-5","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and angiogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Rivera-Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389029","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2389029","article-title":"lysophosphatidylcholine offsets the protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury of retinal endothelial cells via TLR4\/NF-?B signaling","volume":"2021","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12502","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000612R","article-title":"MTOR-initiated metabolic switch and degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"34","author":"Go","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100447","article-title":"Bis-allylic deuterated DHA alleviates oxidative stress in retinal epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Rosell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"bib28","first-page":"944","article-title":"Metabolomics in retinal diseases: an update","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101921","article-title":"Taurine rescues mitochondria-related metabolic impairments in the patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"41","author":"Homma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123329","article-title":"Indole-3-lactic acid derived from tryptophan metabolism alleviates the sFlt-1-induced preeclampsia-like phenotype via the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"361","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200594","article-title":"Major phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites in the human gut can arise from microbial fermentation of protein","volume":"57","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.38.3.544-546.1979","article-title":"Indole-3-lactic acid as a tryptophan metabolite produced by Bifidobacterium spp","volume":"38","author":"Aragozzini","year":"1979","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4433","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knock-out exacerbates choroidal neovascularization via multiple pathogenic pathways","volume":"235","author":"Choudhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042017","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolites, indole-3-aldehyde and indole-3-acetic acid, differentially modulate innate cytokines and stromal remodeling processes associated with autoimmune arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Langan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14060317","article-title":"The role of lysophospholipid metabolites LPC and LPA in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"bib36","first-page":"37","article-title":"Metabolomic characteristics of aqueous humor in wet age-related macular degeneration and the impact of anti-VEGF treatment","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98788","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v16.i5.98788","article-title":"Targeting gut microbiota and its associated metabolites as a potential strategy for promoting would healing in diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.6.27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:31:12Z","timestamp":1782217872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.6.27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.15.6.27","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}}}