{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T14:18:27Z","timestamp":1783520307923,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.15.7.7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T13:30:34Z","timestamp":1783517434000},"page":"7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Revealed Alteration of Limbal Stem Cells and Sub-Basal Nerve Plexus in Allergic and Dry Eye-Related Ocular Surface Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001820","article-title":"Global consensus on definition, classification, diagnosis, and staging of limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"38","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.11.002","article-title":"The diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.2008.01347.x","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: a major review","volume":"87","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.5750","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria for pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis","volume":"142","author":"Morales-Mancillas","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.249","article-title":"Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in childhood: corneal involvement and visual outcome","volume":"30","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1074-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the ocular surface characteristics and Demodex infestation in paediatric and adult blepharokeratoconjunctivitis","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12009","article-title":"Ocular allergy: recognizing and diagnosing hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface","volume":"67","author":"Leonardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8080108","article-title":"Stem cell niche microenvironment: review","volume":"8","author":"Abdul-Al","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)."},{"key":"bib9","first-page":"155","article-title":"Limbal palisades of Vogt","volume":"80","author":"Goldberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"20","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11203247","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for restoring perturbed corneal epithelial homeostasis in limbal stem cell deficiency: current trends and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Masood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.12.005","article-title":"Biomarkers of in vivo limbal stem cell function","volume":"23","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.06.026","article-title":"Limbal basal cell density decreases in limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"160","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13844","article-title":"Role of corneal nerves in ocular surface homeostasis and disease","volume":"97","author":"Labetoulle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.270","article-title":"Corneal nerve alterations in acute Acanthamoeba and fungal keratitis: an in vivo confocal microscopy study","volume":"26","author":"Kurbanyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317891","article-title":"Corneal sub-basal nerve plexus microneuromas in individuals with and without dry eye","volume":"106","author":"Dermer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316672","article-title":"Clinical and confocal imaging findings in congenital corneal anaesthesia","volume":"105","author":"Guillon-Rolf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e928","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14432","article-title":"Structural changes in the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in keratoconus","volume":"98","author":"Flockerzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8706","article-title":"Mapping the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in orthokeratology lens wear using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy","volume":"53","author":"Lum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2020.09.003","article-title":"Corneal nerves in diabetes\u2014the role of the in vivo corneal confocal microscopy of the subbasal nerve plexus in the assessment of peripheral small fiber neuropathy","volume":"66","author":"Roszkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-01087-3","article-title":"Wide-field mosaics of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in Parkinson's disease using in vivo confocal microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Badian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8438","article-title":"Dependence of corneal stem\/progenitor cells on ocular surface innervation","volume":"53","author":"Ueno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.150615","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of human corneal nerves in health, in ocular and systemic disease, and following corneal surgery: a review","volume":"93","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.09-OA-0100","article-title":"Evaluation of novel scoring system named 5-5-5 exacerbation grading scale for allergic conjunctivitis disease","volume":"58","author":"Shoji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.052134","article-title":"Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"89","author":"Viswalingam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100080","article-title":"IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper","volume":"13","author":"Ansotegui","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2015.05.002","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea: new developments in image acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis using the HRT-Rostock corneal module","volume":"13","author":"Petroll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Surf."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187864","article-title":"In vivo imaging of palisades of Vogt in dry eye versus normal subjects using en-face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"12","author":"Ghouali","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12832","article-title":"Correlation between the existence of the palisades of Vogt and limbal epithelial thickness in limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"45","author":"Le","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"300","article-title":"Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images","volume":"13","author":"Dabbah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv"},{"issue":"260","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441","article-title":"Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis [J]","volume":"47","author":"Kruskal","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1961.10482090","article-title":"Multiple comparisons among means[J]","volume":"56","author":"Dunn","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.378","article-title":"Characterization of limbal stem cell deficiency by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy: a microstructural approach","volume":"130","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9359-5","article-title":"The impact of age on the physical and cellular properties of the human limbal stem cell niche","volume":"35","author":"Notara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.037","article-title":"Ophthalmic pterygium: a stem cell disorder with premalignant features","volume":"178","author":"Chui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318223394e","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the anterior eye","volume":"37","author":"Coroneo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108437","article-title":"Limbal stem cell diseases","volume":"205","author":"Bonnet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1989.22","article-title":"Concept and application of limbal stem cells","volume":"3","author":"Tseng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30842-1","article-title":"Cytologic evidence of corneal diseases with limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"102","author":"Puangsricharern","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib39","first-page":"2219","article-title":"Abnormal corneal epithelial wound healing in partial-thickness removal of limbal epithelium","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000914","article-title":"Existence of normal limbal epithelium in eyes with clinical signs of total limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300550","article-title":"In vivo confocal microscopic features of normal limbus","volume":"96","author":"Miri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.06.029","article-title":"Epithelial thinning in limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"160","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001092","article-title":"Characterization of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in limbal stem cell deficiency","volume":"36","author":"Chuephanich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13136","article-title":"The evaluation of meibomian gland function, morphology and related medical history in Asian adult blepharokeratoconjunctivitis patients","volume":"95","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.018","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"119","author":"Leonardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02426-x","article-title":"Increased dendritic cell density and altered morphology in allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"37","author":"Tajbakhsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1745243","article-title":"Corneal microstructural changes by confocal microscopy in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients treated with topical cyclosporine","volume":"29","author":"Modugno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00092-0","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis revisited: a case series of 195 patients with long-term followup","volume":"107","author":"Bonini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib49","first-page":"361","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: immunopathological insights and therapeutic applications of immunomodulators","volume":"14","author":"Hehar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200405000-00008","article-title":"Perilimbal bulbar conjunctival pigmentation in vernal conjunctivitis: prospective evaluation of a new clinical sign in an Indian population","volume":"23","author":"Rao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0794","article-title":"Mapping of the normal human corneal sub-basal nerve plexus by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy","volume":"46","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67737-5","article-title":"Region of interest and directional analysis of subbasal nerves in wide-area corneal nerve plexus mosaics in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Badian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.7.7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T13:30:36Z","timestamp":1783517436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.7.7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.15.7.7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]}}}