{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:27:37Z","timestamp":1787840857528,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.15.8.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:30:40Z","timestamp":1787837440000},"page":"27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prediction of Maximum Keratometry Progression With Stratified Progression Criteria in Keratoconus Patients Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schlatter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Pomberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Honeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zeilinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hamdoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"Hirnschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kronschl\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Findl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery (VIROS), Department of Ophthalmology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","article-title":"Keratoconus: an updated review","volume":"45","author":"Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.05.006","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking for the treatment of corneal ectasia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","volume":"131","author":"Cortina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00565-3","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.028","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: three-year results","volume":"121","author":"Wittig-Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003777","article-title":"Definition of progressive keratoconus: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Henriquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20220114-02","article-title":"Repeatability and comparison of corneal tomography in mild to severe keratoconus between the anterior segment OCT MS-39 and Pentacam HR","volume":"38","author":"Seiler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20180104-01","article-title":"Progression of keratoconus in patients while awaiting corneal cross-linking: a prospective clinical study","volume":"34","author":"Romano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.4.13","article-title":"Artificial neural network for automated keratoconus detection using a combined Placido disc and anterior segment optical coherence tomography topographer","volume":"13","author":"Ali\u00f3 Del Barrio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vbad048","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbad048","article-title":"nestedcv: an R package for fast implementation of nested cross-validation with embedded feature selection designed for transcriptomics and high-dimensional data","volume":"3","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioinform Adv"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05","article-title":"Building predictive models in R using the caret package","volume":"28","author":"Kuhn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.034","article-title":"Detection of subclinical keratoconus using an automated decision tree classification","volume":"156","author":"Smadja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000834","article-title":"Evaluation of a machine-learning classifier for keratoconus detection based on Scheimpflug tomography","volume":"35","author":"Ruiz Hidalgo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001194","article-title":"Validation of an objective keratoconus detection system implemented in a Scheimpflug tomographer and comparison with other methods","volume":"36","author":"Ruiz Hidalgo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.04.024","article-title":"Computer aided diagnosis for suspect keratoconus detection","volume":"109","author":"Issarti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.12.006","article-title":"Robust keratoconus detection with Bayesian network classifier for Placido-based corneal indices","volume":"43","author":"Castro-Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.2.24","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of various machine learning algorithms to detect subclinical keratoconus","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.02.008","article-title":"Predicting the likelihood of need for future keratoplasty intervention using artificial intelligence","volume":"18","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.12.028","article-title":"The interday repeatability of parameters for the assessment of progressive disease in subjects with less advanced keratoconus","volume":"225","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228992","article-title":"Association between keratoconus disease severity and repeatability in measurements of parameters for the assessment of progressive disease","volume":"15","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S388614","article-title":"Best fit sphere back and adjusted maximum elevation of corneal back surface as novel predictors of keratoconus progression","volume":"16","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.5.7","article-title":"Keratoconus progression determined at the first visit: a deep learning approach with fusion of imaging and numerical clinical data","volume":"13","author":"Hartmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"16","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-1772","article-title":"Prediction of keratoconus progression using deep learning of anterior segment optical coherence tomography maps","volume":"9","author":"Kamiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","first-page":"605","article-title":"Machine learning-based identification of risk factors of keratoconus progression using raw corneal tomography data","volume":"44","author":"Cohen-Tayar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153238","article-title":"Forecasting progressive trends in keratoconus by means of a time delay neural network","volume":"10","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.02.015","article-title":"Repeatability of automatic measurements by a new anterior segment optical coherence tomographer combined with Placido topography and agreement with 2 Scheimpflug cameras","volume":"44","author":"Savini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003012","article-title":"Corneal epithelial thickness mapping in the diagnosis of ocular surface disorders involving the corneal epithelium: a comparative study","volume":"41","author":"Levy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30173-7","article-title":"Improving precision for detecting change in the shape of the cornea in patients with keratoconus","volume":"8","author":"Brunner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040844","article-title":"Predicting keratoconus progression and need for corneal crosslinking using deep learning","volume":"10","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20210120-01","article-title":"Artificial intelligence efficiently identifies regional differences in the progression of tomographic parameters of keratoconic corneas","volume":"37","author":"Shetty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221087566","article-title":"KEDOP: keratoconus early detection of progression using tomography images","volume":"32","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib32","first-page":"100095","article-title":"Stratification of keratoconus progression using unsupervised machine learning analysis of tomographical parameters","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intell-Based Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2651_22","article-title":"Artificial intelligence\u2013based stratification of demographic, ocular surface high-risk factors in progression of keratoconus","volume":"71","author":"Kundu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000408","article-title":"Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-025-03855-1","article-title":"The application of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in predicting the progression of keratoconus: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Hashemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001692","article-title":"Establishing the ground truth for keratoconus progression: combining repeated measures and adapting precision limits to disease severity in corneal tomography","volume":"51","author":"Balal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.8.27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:30:42Z","timestamp":1787837442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.8.27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.15.8.27","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}}}