{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:58:53Z","timestamp":1790344733815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.15.9.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:00:53Z","timestamp":1790341253000},"page":"20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Refraction on Widefield Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Metrics in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in a Caucasian Population"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Egbring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kleemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ludwigs-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz Fabian","family":"Danzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Eter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Julian","family":"Storp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"issue":"5035","key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.07.007","article-title":"Associations of refractive errors and retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Salehi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.33545\/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.69","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with different refractive status measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"3","author":"Abrar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-301865","article-title":"Effect of refractive status on peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: a study by RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"97","author":"Oner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7578","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12772","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Read","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"64","author":"Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05216-x","article-title":"Retinal microvasculature and optic disc alterations in non-pathological high myopia with optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"259","author":"Yaprak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","first-page":"282","article-title":"The effect of pathological retinal changes on retinal capillary circulation in myopic patients","volume":"7","author":"Kocer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beyoglu Eye J"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0824-1","article-title":"Alterations in optical coherence tomography angiography findings in patients with high myopia","volume":"34","author":"Ucak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010791","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010791","article-title":"Is the peripapillary retinal perfusion related to myopia in healthy eyes? A prospective comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bib11","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effect of refractive status on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and vascular density: a prospective optical coherence tomography angiography-based study","volume":"39","author":"Miraftabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21289","article-title":"Quantitative OCT angiography of the retinal microvasculature and the choriocapillaris in myopic eyes","volume":"58","author":"Al-Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854240","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.854240","article-title":"Assessment of choroidal vascularity and choriocapillaris blood perfusion after accommodation in myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia groups among children","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20190503-13","article-title":"Choriocapillary blood flow in myopic subjects measured with OCT angiography","volume":"50","author":"Scherm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00905-2","article-title":"Clinical utilisation of wide-field optical coherence tomography and angiography: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Nissen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03891-2","article-title":"Wide-field OCTA quantified peripheral nonperfusion areas predict the risk of subclinical neovascularization","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.11.004","article-title":"Choroidal-derived intraretinal neovascularization compensates for diabetic retinopathy ischemia via dual-pathway remodeling post-pan-retinal photocoagulation","volume":"282","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2024.08.007","article-title":"Association of microaneurysms with retinal vascular alterations in patients with retinal vein occlusion","volume":"60","author":"Kreminger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.2.6","article-title":"Central and peripheral changes in retinal vein occlusion and fellow eyes in ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"65","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82745-5","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of choroidal vascular structures and anatomical changes in pachychoroid spectrum diseases using ultra-widefield SS-OCTA","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-06907-5","article-title":"Characteristics of vortex vein in healthy eyes and fundus diseases imaged by ultra-widefield OCTA","volume":"263","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.9.21","article-title":"Peripheral superficial retina vascular density and area of radial peripapillary capillaries changes in myopic individuals: a wide-field OCT angiography study","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.8.4","article-title":"Peripheral ganglion cell complex thickness and retinal microvasculature in myopia using wide-field swept-source OCT","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03473-y","article-title":"Observation of structural and vascular features of retina and choroid in myopia using ultra-widefield SS-OCTA","volume":"24","author":"Si","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.14.8.39","article-title":"Retinal and choroidal vascular biomarkers are correlated with the degree of myopia","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67671-w","article-title":"Sex differences in choroidal vessels using novel wide-field choroidal en-face images from optical coherence tomography","volume":"14","author":"Mihara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.9.19","article-title":"Characterization of vortex vein drainage system in healthy individuals imaged by ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001419","article-title":"Short-term effects of exercise on optic nerve and macular perfusion measured by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"37","author":"Alnawaiseh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001963","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001963","article-title":"Clinical science effects of different mydriatics on retinal and choroidal parameters in healthy adults observed by widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.13.5.16","article-title":"Diurnal variation in choroidal parameters among healthy subjects using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27385","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027385","article-title":"A computational tool for quantitative analysis of vascular networks","volume":"6","author":"Zudaire","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-013-9381-9","article-title":"Linear quantile mixed models","volume":"24","author":"Geraci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v057.i13","article-title":"Linear quantile mixed models: the lqmm package for Laplace quantile regression","volume":"57","author":"Geraci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701466","article-title":"Relationship of gender, body mass index, and axial length with central retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2014.952828","article-title":"Effects of sex and age on the normal retinal and choroidal structures on optical coherence tomography","volume":"40","author":"Ooto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib38","first-page":"127","article-title":"Effects of age and gender on macular thickness in healthy subjects using spectral optical coherence tomography\/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy","volume":"38","author":"Cubuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00619-4","article-title":"Exploring the impact of age and gender on retinal and choroidal thickness and vascular densities: a comprehensive analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ghassemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20200903-01","article-title":"Normative data assessment of peripapillary and macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone metrics using optical coherence tomography angiography in children","volume":"57","author":"Kiziltoprak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.107856","article-title":"Age and gender influence on foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes","volume":"189","author":"Gomez-Ulla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.11.30","article-title":"Association of male sex and microvascular alterations on optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OCT224","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18869","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography evaluation of the parafoveal vasculature and its relationship with ocular factors","volume":"57","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000495622","article-title":"Sex-related variations of retinal and choroidal thickness and foveal avascular zone in healthy and diabetic children assessed by optical coherence tomography imaging","volume":"241","author":"Niestrata-Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-017-0539-2","article-title":"[Flow density measurements using optical coherence tomography angiography : impact of age and gender] [in German]","volume":"115","author":"Alnawaiseh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.018","article-title":"In vivo assessment of macular vascular density in healthy human eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"165","author":"Shahlaee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1755698","article-title":"Gender-related influences on superficial papillary microcirculation measured with optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with glaucoma","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.07.016","article-title":"Association between choroidal vascular density, age and sex: a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Eris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001571","article-title":"Age-related changes in choroidal vascular density of healthy subjects based on image binarization of swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"38","author":"Ruiz-Medrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1428995","article-title":"Sex-dependent choroidal thickness differences in healthy adults: a study based on original and synthesized data","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib51","first-page":"1093","article-title":"[Relationship between gender and posterior pole choroidal thickness in normal eyes] [in Chinese]","volume":"48","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8438","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8108","article-title":"Subfoveal choroidal thickness in relation to sex and axial length in 93 Danish university students","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258848","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in foveal avascular zone in diabetic and nondiabetic eyes revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"16","author":"Laotaweerungsawat","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0285360","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285360","article-title":"Racial differences in quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography findings between older non-diabetics with co-morbidities","volume":"18","author":"Moir","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bib33","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.9.20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1790341257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.15.9.20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.15.9.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}