{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:41:36Z","timestamp":1789882896091,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536019200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.5.5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T15:42:54Z","timestamp":1536334974000},"page":"5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Ultrasound Imaging and Measurement of Choroidal Blood Flow"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Raksha","family":"Urs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Ketterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.L. Lizzi Center for Bioengineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred C. H.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet O.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy Y. S.","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald H.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu DY, Cringle SJ. Oxygen distribution and consumption within the retina in vascularised and avascular retinas and in animal models of retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2001; 20: 175\u2013208.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00027-6"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b02","unstructured":"Cohen LH, Noell WK. Relationships between visual function and metabolism. In: Graymore CN, ed. Biochemistry of the Retina. Orlando: Academic Press Inc.; 1965; 36\u201350."},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b03","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrara D, Silver RE, Louzada RN, et al. Optical coherence tomography features preceding the onset of advanced age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58: 3519\u20133529.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21696"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b04","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langham ME, Grebe R, Hopkins S, Marcus S, Sebag M. Choroidal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res. 1991; 52: 167\u2013173.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(91)90256-E"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b05","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adhi M, Brewer E, Waheed NK, Duker JS. Analysis of morphological features and vascular layers of choroid in diabetic retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013; 131: 1267\u20131274.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.4321"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b06","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alm A, Bill A. Ocular and optic nerve blood flow at normal and increased intraocular pressures in monkeys (Macacairus): a study with radioactively labelled microspheres including flow determinations in brain and some other tissues. Exp Eye Res. 1973; 15: 15\u201329.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(73)90185-1"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b07","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flower RW, Hochheimer BF. Clinical infrared absorption angiography of the choroid [letter]. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972; 73: 458.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(72)90079-7"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b08","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanga PE, Lim JI, Hamilton P. Indocyanine green angiography in chorioretinal diseases: indications and interpretation. Ophthalmology. 2003; 110: 15\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01563-4"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b09","unstructured":"Riva CE, Cranstoun SD, Grunwald JE, et al. Choroidal blood flow in the foveal region of the human ocular fundus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35: 4273\u201381"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b10","unstructured":"Tamaki Y, Araie M, Kawamoto E, et al. Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35: 3825\u20133834."},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunikata H, Nakazawa T. Recent clinical applications of laser speckle flowgraphy in eyes with retinal disease. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2016; 5: 151\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000160"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008; 146: 496\u2013500.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.032"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unterhuber B, Povazay B, Hermann H. In vivo retinal optical coherence tomography at 1040 nm-enhanced penetration into the choroid. Opt Express. 2005; 13: 3252\u20138.","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.003252"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong YJ, Makita S, Jaillon F, et al. High-penetration swept source Doppler optical coherence angiography by fully numerical phase stabilization. Opt Express. 2012; 20: 2740\u201360.","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.002740"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fingler J, Zawadzki RJ, Werner JS, et al. Volumetric microvascular imaging of human retina using optical coherence tomography with a novel motion contrast technique. Opt Express. 2009; 17: 22190\u2013200.","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.022190"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendargo HC, Estrada R, Chiu SJ, et al. Automated non-rigid registration and mosaicing for robust imaging of distinct retinal capillary beds using speckle variance optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express. 2013; 4: 803\u201321.","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.000803"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonathan E, Enfield J, Leahy MJ. Correlation mapping method for generating microcirculation morphology from optical coherence tomography (OCT) intensity images. J Biophotonics. 2011; 4: 583\u20137.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201000103"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu S, Lu J, Cao D, et al. The role of optical coherence tomography angiography in fundus vascular abnormalities. BMC Ophthalmology. 2016; 16: 107.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0277-2"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia Y, Tan O, Tokayer J, et al. Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2012; 20: 4710\u201325.","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004710"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanter M, Fink M. Ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2014; 61: 102\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2014.2882"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanter M, Bercoff J, Sandrin L, Fink M. Ultrafast compound imaging for 2-D motion vector estimation: application to transient elastography. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2002; 49: 1363\u20131374.","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2002.1041078"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urs R, Ketterling JA, Silverman RH. Ultrafast ultrasound imaging of ocular anatomy and blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016: 57: 3810\u20133186.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19538"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b23","unstructured":"Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, et al. Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994; 35: 2857\u20132864."},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ketterling JA, Urs R, Silverman RH. In vivo imaging of ocular blood flow using high-speed ultrasound. IEEE Int Ultrason Symp. 2016; 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2016.7728578"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b25","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Information for Manufacturers Seeking Marketing Clearance of Diagnostic Ultrasound Systems and Transducers. Rockville, MD: Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2008."},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demene C, Deffieux T, Pernot M, et al. Spatiotemporal clutter filtering of ultrafast ultrasound data highly increases Doppler and fUltrasound sensitivity. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2015; 34: 2271\u20132285.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2428634"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathpalia A, Karabiyik Y, Simensen B, et al. A robust Doppler spectral envelope detection technique for automated blood flow measurements. IEEE Int Ultrason Symp. 2015; 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2015.0419"},{"key":"i2164-2591-7-5-5-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yiu BYS, Lai SSM, Yu ACH. Vector projectile imaging: time-resolved dynamic visualization of complex flow patterns. Ultra Med Biol. 2014; 40: 2295\u20132309.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.03.014"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2701854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T02:26:12Z","timestamp":1720578372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?doi=10.1167\/tvst.7.5.5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.7.5.5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]}}}