{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:39:33Z","timestamp":1787315973644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.13.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T13:30:51Z","timestamp":1609162251000},"page":"43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Structure\u2013Function Analysis in Macular Drusen With Mesopic and Scotopic Microperimetry"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Montesano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London\u2014Optometry and Visual Sciences, London, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ometto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London\u2014Optometry and Visual Sciences, London, UK"},{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany E.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London\u2014Optometry and Visual Sciences, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Iester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London\u2014Optometry and Visual Sciences, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Balaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Tufail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Chakravarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Crabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City, University of London\u2014Optometry and Visual Sciences, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AMD48","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24158","article-title":"Multimodal imaging of nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Garrity","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32186-9","article-title":"The Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system","volume":"98","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.227","article-title":"A view of the current and future role of optical coherence tomography in the management of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.119685","article-title":"Microperimetry and fundus autofluorescence in patients with early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"91","author":"Midena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302633","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence and microperimetry in progressing geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"97","author":"Pilotto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.03.009","article-title":"Low luminance visual dysfunction as a predictor of subsequent visual acuity loss from geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"115","author":"Sunness","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-016-3466-z","article-title":"Long-term longitudinal modifications in mesopic microperimetry in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"255","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.3.5.3","article-title":"Assessment of central retinal sensitivity employing two types of microperimetry devices","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000453079","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of scotopic and mesopic fundus-controlled perimetry using a modified MAIA (macular integrity assessment) in normal eyes","volume":"237","author":"Pfau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310258","article-title":"Interdevice comparison of retinal sensitivity assessments in a healthy population: the CenterVue MAIA and the Nidek MP-3 microperimeters","volume":"102","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.05.007","article-title":"The use of microperimetry in assessing visual function in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"63","author":"Cassels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12617","article-title":"Intrasession test-retest variability of microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5963","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in microperimetry and low luminance visual acuity in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"133","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AMD152","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23878","article-title":"Retest reliability of mesopic and dark-adapted microperimetry in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration and age-matched controls","volume":"59","author":"Welker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.01.025","article-title":"Relationship between retinal microstructures on optical coherence tomography and microperimetry in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"121","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1132","article-title":"Report from the NEI\/FDA Ophthalmic Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints Symposium","volume":"49","author":"Csaky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000608","article-title":"Multimodal visual function testing in eyes with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Ooto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0477","article-title":"Scotopic and photopic microperimetry in patients with reticular drusen and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"133","author":"Steinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22712","article-title":"Structure-function analysis in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Sa\u00dfmannshausen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1988.01060140711040","article-title":"Assessment of visual function in patients with age-related macular degeneration and low visual acuity","volume":"106","author":"Alexander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1222","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to assess vision problems under low luminance in age-related maculopathy","volume":"47","author":"Owsley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00044-3","article-title":"Aging and scotopic sensitivity","volume":"38","author":"Jackson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000491402","article-title":"MACUSTAR: development and clinical validation of functional, structural, and patient-reported endpoints in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"241","author":"Finger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(50)91722-3","article-title":"The threshold gradients of the rods and the cones; in the dark-adapted and in the partially light-adapted eye","volume":"33","author":"Sloan","year":"1950","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.017","article-title":"Impact of crystalline lens opacification on effective phacoemulsification time in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery","volume":"157","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.3.25","article-title":"ReLayer: a free, online tool for extracting retinal thickness from cross-platform OCT images","volume":"8","author":"Ometto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1096-9861","article-title":"Human photoreceptor topography","volume":"292","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.2012.90.issue-5","article-title":"Comparison of macular pigment in patients with age-related macular degeneration and healthy control subjects\u2014a study using spectral fundus reflectance","volume":"90","author":"Kaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0289-3","article-title":"Macular pigment optical density measurement in autofluorescence imaging: comparison of one- and two-wavelength methods","volume":"244","author":"Trieschmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.12.015","article-title":"Reliability of a two-wavelength autofluorescence technique by Heidelberg Spectralis to measure macular pigment optical density in Asian subjects","volume":"168","author":"Obana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib32","first-page":"660","article-title":"The macular pigment, I: absorbance spectra, localization, and discrimination from other yellow pigments in primate retinas","volume":"25","author":"Snodderly","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23549","article-title":"Axial scaling is independent of ocular magnification in OCT images","volume":"59","author":"Salmon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.4.7","article-title":"Evaluation of two systems for fundus-controlled scotopic and mesopic perimetry in eye with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Steinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e188029","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.8029","article-title":"Estimating retinal sensitivity using optical coherence tomography with deep-learning algorithms in macular telangiectasia type 2","volume":"2","author":"Kihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.11.002","article-title":"Microperimetric correlations of autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging in dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"153","author":"Querques","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10361","article-title":"Relationship between retinal layer thickness and the visual field in early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"53","author":"Acton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181e91132","article-title":"Inner segment\u2013outer segment junctional layer integrity and corresponding retinal sensitivity in dry and wet forms of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Landa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004490","article-title":"Influence of coherence length, signal-to-noise ratio, log transform, and low-pass filtering on layer thickness assessment with OCT in the retina","volume":"7","author":"Jansonius","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.383103","article-title":"Testing a phantom eye under various signal-to-noise ratio conditions using eleven different OCT devices","volume":"11","author":"Heikka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.004","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Leuschen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181ee5ce8","article-title":"Drusen characterization with multimodal imaging","volume":"30","author":"Spaide","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318242b949","article-title":"Effect of change in drusen evolution on photoreceptor inner segment\/outer segment junction","volume":"32","author":"Hartmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib45","first-page":"2777","article-title":"Directional sensitivity of the retina: 75 years of Stiles-Crawford effect","volume":"275","author":"Westheimer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6486","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.006486","article-title":"Measuring retinal contributions to the optical Stiles-Crawford effect with optical coherence tomography","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000324988","article-title":"Drusen characteristics revealed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and their corresponding fundus autofluorescence appearance in dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"47","author":"Landa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5852","article-title":"Interpretations of fundus autofluorescence from studies of the bisretinoids of the retina","volume":"51","author":"Sparrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.6.1.12","article-title":"Individual drusen segmentation and repeatability and reproducibility of their automated quantification in optical coherence tomography images","volume":"6","author":"de Sisternes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0107-6","article-title":"Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease","volume":"24","author":"De Fauw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7976","article-title":"Improved estimates of visual field progression using Bayesian linear regression to integrate structural information in patients with ocular hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Russell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1694-0_15","article-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","volume-title":"Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike","author":"Akaike","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T11:31:03Z","timestamp":1610710263000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2772110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.9.13.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]}}}