{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:03:55Z","timestamp":1790139835108,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.5.20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1587749444000},"page":"20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Fundus Autofluorescence Lifetimes and Spectral Features of Soft Drusen and Hyperpigmentation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1167","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Hammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Medical Optics and Photonics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowena","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somar","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Klemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University Ilmenau, Institute for Biomedical Techniques and Informatics, Ilmenau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Kreilkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Zweifel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Augsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Meller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1973.01000050208006","article-title":"Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration","volume":"90","author":"Gass","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1570","article-title":"A simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration: AREDS Report No. 18","volume":"123","author":"Ferris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol Chic"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300344","article-title":"The oil spill in ageing Bruch membrane","volume":"95","author":"Curcio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.10.016","article-title":"Passage of low-density lipoproteins through Bruch's membrane and choroid","volume":"93","author":"Cankova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.01.003","article-title":"Retinal oxygen: from animals to humans","volume":"58","author":"Linsenmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.3.406","article-title":"Transretinal pigment migration: an optical coherence tomographic study","volume":"122","author":"Zacks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9813","article-title":"Spatial correlation between hyperpigmentary changes on color fundus photography and hyperreflective foci on SDOCT in intermediate AMD","volume":"53","author":"Folgar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0430","article-title":"Classification of fundus autofluorescence patterns in early age-related macular disease","volume":"46","author":"Bindewald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000324988","article-title":"Drusen characteristics revealed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and their corresponding fundus autofluorescence appearance in dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"47","author":"Landa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8970","article-title":"Time-resolved autofluorescence imaging of human donor retina tissue from donors with significant extramacular drusen","volume":"53","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1806833","article-title":"In vivo measurement of time-resolved autofluorescence at the human fundus","volume":"9","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0029","article-title":"Towards metabolic mapping of the human retina","volume":"70","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4856","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22184","article-title":"Fluorescence lifetimes of drusen in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Dysli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AMD65","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23764","article-title":"Patterns of fundus autofluorescence lifetimes in eyes of individuals with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Sauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01218-1","article-title":"The age-related eye disease study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 6","volume":"132","author":"AREDS Study Group","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4668","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15335","article-title":"Impact of macular pigment on fundus autofluorescence lifetimes","volume":"56","author":"Sauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13627","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of fluorescence lifetime measurements of the macula using the fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope in healthy subjects","volume":"55","author":"Dysli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib19","first-page":"2435","article-title":"Spectral profiling of autofluorescence associated with lipofuscin, Bruch's Membrane, and sub-RPE deposits in normal and AMD eyes","volume":"43","author":"Marmorstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1)","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001325","article-title":"Hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium in donor eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4171","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.004171","article-title":"Simultaneous decomposition of multiple hyperspectral data sets: signal recovery of unknown fluorophores in the retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01404-0","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence in patients with age-related macular degeneration and high risk of visual loss","volume":"133","author":"Lois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib23","first-page":"496","article-title":"Autofluorescence distribution associated with drusen in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Delori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1318","article-title":"Autofluorescence characteristics of early, atrophic, and high-risk fellow eyes in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"47","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib25","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Drusen characterization with multimodal imaging","volume":"30","author":"Spaide","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina J Ret Vit Dis"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16274","article-title":"Lipofuscin redistribution and loss accompanied by cytoskeletal stress in retinal pigment epithelium of eyes with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Ach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.007","article-title":"Histologic basis of variations in retinal pigment epithelium autofluorescence in eyes with geographic atrophy","volume":"120","author":"Rudolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.3.5","article-title":"Spatial and spectral characterization of human retinal pigment epithelium fluorophore families by ex vivo hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging","volume":"5","author":"Ben Ami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2012-302350","article-title":"High-resolution imaging of autofluorescent particles within drusen using structured illumination microscopy","volume":"97","author":"Rossberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.05.008","article-title":"Natural history of drusen morphology in age-related macular degeneration using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"118","author":"Yehoshua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19816","article-title":"Associations between retinal pigment epithelium and drusen volume changes during the lifecycle of large drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments","volume":"57","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.07.013","article-title":"Lipids, oxidized lipids, oxidation-specific epitopes, and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"1862","author":"Handa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413347112","article-title":"Identification of hydroxyapatite spherules provides new insight into subretinal pigment epithelial deposit formation in the aging eye","volume":"112","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2010.08.008","article-title":"Lipids and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"56","author":"Kishan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.10.008","article-title":"Transport and retinal capture of lutein and zeaxanthin with reference to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"53","author":"Loane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib36","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Uptake of cholesterol by the retina occurs primarily via a low density lipoprotein receptor-mediated process","volume":"12","author":"Tserentsoodol","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2376","article-title":"Lipoprotein particles of intraocular origin in human Bruch membrane: an unusual lipid profile","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib38","first-page":"265","article-title":"Accumulation of cholesterol with age in human Bruch's membrane","volume":"42","author":"Curcio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.05.029","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-based observation of the natural history of drusenoid lesion in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ouyang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.08.010","article-title":"Documentation of intraretinal retinal pigment epithelium migration via high-speed ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography","volume":"118","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BIO211","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19778","article-title":"Activated retinal pigment epithelium, an optical coherence tomography biomarker for progression in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Curcio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1027-3","article-title":"Changes in fundus autofluorescence in patients with age-related maculopathy. Correlation to visual function: a prospective study","volume":"243","author":"Einbock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1097-0029","article-title":"Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging of human hair","volume":"70","author":"Ehlers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.003078","article-title":"Fundus autofluorescence beyond lipofuscin: lesson learned from ex vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging in porcine eyes","volume":"9","author":"Hammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0122","article-title":"Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of the fundus: visualization of ocular melanin","volume":"47","author":"Keilhauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03529-8","article-title":"Evaluation of intraretinal migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells in age-related macular degeneration using polarimetric imaging","volume":"7","author":"Miura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(88)90025-5","article-title":"Fluorophores of the human retinal pigment epithelium: separation and spectral characterization","volume":"47","author":"Eldred","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12250","article-title":"Lack of correlation between the spatial distribution of A2E and lipofuscin fluorescence in the human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"54","author":"Ablonczy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2014.03.002","article-title":"Cholesterol in the retina: the best is yet to come","volume":"41","author":"Pikuleva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01624-0","article-title":"A role for local inflammation in the formation of drusen in the aging eye","volume":"134","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bib51","first-page":"2749","article-title":"Direct comparison of the migration of three cell types involved in epiretinal membrane formation","volume":"43","author":"Hogg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib52","first-page":"4324","article-title":"Promotion of adhesion and migration of RPE cells to provisional extracellular matrices by TNF-alpha","volume":"41","author":"Jin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18381","article-title":"Autofluorescence lifetimes in geographic atrophy in patients with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"57","author":"Dysli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.v14.7-8","article-title":"The utilization of fluorescence to identify the components of lipofuscin by imaging mass spectrometry","volume":"14","author":"Ablonczy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-014-0883-2","article-title":"High resolution MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of retinal tissue lipids","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"}],"container-title":["Translational Vision Science &amp; Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2765267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]],"date-time":"2020-04-24T17:30:47Z","timestamp":1587749447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tvst.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2765267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.9.5.20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-2591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-2591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]}}}