{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:23:54Z","timestamp":1790429034977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The contribution of intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation to RBC-derived microparticle (MP) formation is poorly defined in sickle cell disease (SCD). Here we report that sickle Hb (HbS) oxidation, coupled with changes in cytosolic antioxidative proteins, is associated with membrane alterations and MP formation in homozygous Townes\u2013sickle cell (Townes-SS) mice. Photometric and proteomic analyses confirmed the presence of high levels of Hb oxidation intermediates (ferric\/ferryl) and consequent \u03b2-globin posttranslational modifications, including the irreversible oxidation of \u03b2Cys93 and the ubiquitination of \u03b2Lys96 and \u03b2Lys145. This is the first report to our knowledge to link the UPS (via ubiquitinated Hb and other proteins) to oxidative stress. Ferryl Hb also induced complex formation with band 3 and RBC membrane proteins. Incubation of Townes-SS MPs with human endothelial cells caused greater loss of monolayer integrity, apoptotic activation, heme oxygenase-1 induction, and concomitant bioenergetic imbalance compared with control Townes-AA MPs. MPs obtained from Townes-SS mice treated with hydroxyurea produced fewer posttranslational Hb modifications. In vitro, hydroxyurea reduced the levels of ferryl Hb and shielded its target residue, \u03b2Cys93, by a process of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -nitrosylation. These mechanistic analyses suggest potential antioxidative therapeutic modalities that may interrupt MP heme-mediated pathophysiology in SCD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T17:12:57Z","timestamp":1540314777000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Hemoglobin oxidation\u2013dependent reactions promote interactions with band 3 and oxidative changes in sickle cell\u2013derived microparticles"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sirsendu","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Brad","family":"Strader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology 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