{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:53:07Z","timestamp":1792799587741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"13","funder":[{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherch\u00e9","award":["ANR-17-CE17-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE17-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rbzpz17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie Action","award":["PCIG11-GA- 2012-3221170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIG11-GA- 2012-3221170"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program\/Marie Sklodowska-Curie","award":["665807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665807"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherch\u00e9","award":["ANR-10-LABX-69-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-69-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rbzpz17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sex-based differences influence incidence and outcome of infectious disease. Women have a significantly greater incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than men, yet, conversely, male UTI is more persistent, with greater associated morbidity. Mechanisms underlying these sex-based differences are unknown, in part due to a lack of experimental models. We optimized a model to transurethrally infect male mice and directly compared UTI in both sexes. Although both sexes were initially equally colonized by uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , only male and testosterone-treated female mice remained chronically infected for up to 4 weeks. Female mice had more robust innate responses, including higher IL-17 expression, and increased \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the bladder following infection. Accordingly, neutralizing IL-17 abolished resolution in female mice, identifying a cytokine pathway necessary for bacterial clearance. Our findings support the concept that sex-based responses to UTI contribute to impaired innate immunity in males and provide a rationale for non\u2013antibiotic-based immune targeting to improve the response to UTI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T12:01:07Z","timestamp":1559217667000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Sex differences in IL-17 contribute to chronicity in male versus female urinary tract infection"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Anna Zychlinsky","family":"Scharff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France."},{"name":"INSERM U1223, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 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