{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T01:11:17Z","timestamp":1779153077126,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)\/NIAID","award":["SP50AI074178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP50AI074178"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A possible etiological link between the onset of endemic pemphigus in Tunisia and bites of\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, has been previously suggested. We hypothesized that the immunodominant\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    salivary protein PpSP32 binds to desmogleins 1 and 3 (Dsg1 and Dsg3), triggering loss of tolerance to these pemphigus target autoantigens. Here, we show using far-Western blot that the recombinant PpSP32 protein (rPpSP32) binds to epidermal proteins with a MW of approximately 170 kDa. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed the interaction of rPpSP32 with either Dsg1 or Dsg3. A specific interaction between PpSP32 and Dsg1 and Dsg3 was further demonstrated by ELISA assays. Finally, mice immunized with rPpSP32 twice per week exhibited significantly increased levels of anti-Dsg1 and -Dsg3 antibodies from day 75 to 120. Such antibodies were specific for Dsg1 and Dsg3 and were not the result of cross-reactivity to PpSP32. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge a specific binding between PpSP32 and Dsg1 and Dsg3, which might underlie the triggering of anti-Dsg antibodies in patients exposed to sand fly bites. We also confirmed the development of specific anti-Dsg1 and -Dsg3 antibodies in vivo after PpSP32 immunization in mice. Collectively, our results provide evidence that environmental factors, such as the exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    bites, can trigger the development of autoimmune antibodies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T12:53:19Z","timestamp":1603803199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implicating bites from a leishmaniasis sand fly vector in the loss of tolerance in pemphigus"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-909X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soumaya","family":"Marzouki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, LR11IPT02, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Zaraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, La Rabta Hospital Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Abdeladhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaouki","family":"Benabdesselem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, LR11IPT02, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-8038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabiano","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-636X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaden","family":"Kamhawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Mokni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, La Rabta Hospital Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-5708","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hechmi","family":"Louzir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, LR11IPT02, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus G.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melika Ben","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, LR11IPT02, Pasteur Institut de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.08.003"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23438.x"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07687.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","first-page":"17","article-title":"[Geography of major parasitosis in Tunisia]","volume":"61","author":"Ben Rachid","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur 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A Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary protein induces cross-reactive antibodies to pemphigus autoantigen desmoglein 1 [published ahead of print April 29, 2020]. 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