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We evaluated CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th cell polarization among patients with\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteremia and confirmed that survivors had a higher percentage of circulating Th2 cells but lower frequencies of Th17 cells and neutrophils early in the course of infection. To establish the mechanism of this protection, we used a mouse model of lethal\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteremia and found that intratracheal pretreatment with the type 2\u2013initiating cytokine IL-33 activated pulmonary type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and promoted eosinophilia. In addition, stimulation of type 2 immunity before lethal infection suppressed the pulmonary neutrophilic response to\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Mice lacking functional ILC2s did not respond to IL-33 and were not protected from lethal bacteremia, but treatment of these mice with the type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 rescued them from death. Depletion of eosinophils abrogated IL-33\u2013mediated protection, indicating that eosinophilia is also necessary for the survival benefit. Thus, we have identified a potentially novel mechanism by which type 2 immunity can balance dysregulated septic inflammatory responses, thereby clarifying the protective benefit of type 2 immune diseases on sepsis mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T12:03:11Z","timestamp":1549368191000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Protection against Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia\u2013induced mortality depends on ILC2s and eosinophils"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Paulette A.","family":"Krishack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Louviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of 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