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However, there is an epidemiologic discrepancy in the mechanism of underlying immunologic derangement dependent on etiology between sepsis and trauma patients in MOF. We hypothesized that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), while both involved in the development of MOF, contribute differently to the systemic innate immune derangement and coagulopathic changes. We found that DAMPs not only produce weaker innate immune activation than counterpart PAMPs, but also induce less TLR signal desensitization, contribute to less innate immune cell death, and propagate more robust systemic coagulopathic effects than PAMPs. This differential contribution to MOF provides further insight into the contributing factors to late mortality in critically ill trauma and sepsis patients. These findings will help to better prognosticate patients at risk of MOF and may provide future therapeutic molecular targets in this disease process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T11:01:11Z","timestamp":1566385271000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns play differential roles in late mortality after critical illness"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Eppensteiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8563-5472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jean","family":"Kwun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Scheuermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Barbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Limkakeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Kuchibhatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Elster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan D.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"},{"name":"Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827a6e69"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000147"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-016-0084-5"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12364"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315093"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182a4ea46"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000539"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.11.025"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.05.059"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12499"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2402"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199901000-00016"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029611426138"},{"issue":"6","key":"B16","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosed by Japanese Association for Acute Medicine criteria. 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