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We show that the RV144 vaccine regimen induced persistent V2 and other HIV-1 envelope\u2013specific memory B cell clonal lineages that could be identified throughout the approximately 11-year vaccination period. Subsequent boosts increased somatic hypermutation, a critical requirement for antibody affinity maturation. Characterization of 22 vaccine-induced V2-specific mAbs with epitope specificities distinct from previously characterized RV144 V2-specific mAbs CH58 and CH59 found increased in vitro antibody-mediated effector functions. Thus, when inducing non-neutralizing antibodies, one method by which to improve HIV-1 vaccine efficacy may be through late boosting to diversify the V2-specific response to increase the breadth of antibody-mediated anti\u2013HIV-1 effector functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T11:01:11Z","timestamp":1580295671000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["HIV vaccine delayed boosting increases Env variable region 2\u2013specific antibody effector functions"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-3277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Easterhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Pollara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Janus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelakshi","family":"Gohain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Computational, Biological, and Natural Sciences, and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LaTonya D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1763-913X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew Zirui","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Peachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Computational, Biological, and Natural Sciences, and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misook","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, College of Computational, Biological, and Natural Sciences, and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-5529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susie","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Henry M. 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