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However, the underlying mechanism of CPSP remains largely unknown. Here, we established a CPSP mouse model by inducing a focal hemorrhage in the thalamic ventrobasal complex and confirmed the development of mechanical allodynia. In this model, microglial activation was observed in the somatosensory cortex, as well as in the injured thalamus. By using a CSF1 receptor inhibitor, we showed that microglial depletion effectively prevented allodynia development in our CPSP model. In the critical phase of allodynia development, c-fos\u2013positive neurons increased in the somatosensory cortex, accompanied by ectopic axonal sprouting of the thalamocortical projection. Furthermore, microglial ablation attenuated both neuronal hyperactivity in the somatosensory cortex and circuit reorganization. These findings suggest that microglia play a crucial role in the development of CPSP pathophysiology by promoting sensory circuit reorganization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.131801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T16:11:52Z","timestamp":1581523912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Microglial depletion under thalamic hemorrhage ameliorates mechanical allodynia and suppresses aberrant axonal sprouting"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Hiraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2977-7190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takahide","family":"Itokazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate 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