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Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization, with the goal to reduce influenza severity and transmission. Currently available vaccines are about 60% effective, and vaccine effectiveness varies from season to season, as well as between different influenza subtypes within a single season. Immunological imprinting from early-life influenza infection can prominently shape the immune response to subsequent infections. Here, the impact of preexisting B cell memory in the response to quadrivalent influenza vaccine was assessed using blood samples collected from healthy subjects (18\u201385 years old) prior to and 21\u201328 days following influenza vaccination. Influenza vaccination increased both HA-specific antibodies and memory B cell frequency. Despite no apparent differences in antigenicity between vaccine components, most individuals were biased toward one of the vaccine strains. Specifically, responses to H3N2 were reduced in magnitude relative to the other vaccine components. Overall, this study unveils a potentially new mechanism underlying differential vaccine effectiveness against distinct influenza subtypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.132155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T12:00:40Z","timestamp":1575374440000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Preexisting subtype immunodominance shapes memory B cell recall response to influenza vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-6396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo B.","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-7623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Greg A.","family":"Kirchenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily F.","family":"Clutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-2235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giuseppe A.","family":"Sautto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted M.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology and"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"[No authors listed]. 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