{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:55:08Z","timestamp":1792799708620,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"23","funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["CA238039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA238039"]}]},{"name":"Leukemia & Lymphoma Society","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04m0xav37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00gtmwv55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Friends for Life Neuroblastoma Fellowship","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042n1mt30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute\/Robertson Foundation Fellowship","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f3xk561","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["CA207021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA207021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    NK cells contribute to protective antitumor immunity, but little is known about the functional states of NK cells in human solid tumors. To address this issue, we performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of NK cells isolated from human melanoma metastases, including lesions from patients who had progressed following checkpoint blockade. This analysis identified major differences in the transcriptional programs of tumor-infiltrating compared with circulating NK cells. Tumor-infiltrating NK cells represented 7 clusters with distinct gene expression programs indicative of significant functional specialization, including cytotoxicity and chemokine synthesis programs. In particular, NK cells from 3 clusters expressed high levels of\n                    <jats:italic>XCL1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>XCL2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which encode 2 chemokines known to recruit XCR1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cross-presenting DCs into tumors. In contrast, NK cells from 2 other clusters showed a higher level of expression of cytotoxicity genes. These data reveal key features of NK cells in human tumors and identify NK cell populations with specialized gene expression programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T11:01:08Z","timestamp":1575457268000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Discovery of specialized NK cell populations infiltrating human melanoma metastases"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lucas Ferrari","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Oncological Sciences and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Luoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinaga","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Pyrdol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Cheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai W.","family":"Wucherpfennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0061-z"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.10.014"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0132-0"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-0944"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0505"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-12-823757"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00479","article-title":"Alloreactive natural killer cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: from stem cell transplantation to adoptive immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075005"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3518"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0085-8"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.004"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.014"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"McInnes L, Healy J, Melville J. 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