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In this study, we used a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to determine the effect of prior Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination on immune responses to\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection. We found that, at 6\u20137 months after\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, 90% of the\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice died, whereas only 50% of BCG-vaccinated T2DM-\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013infected mice died. Moreover, 40% of the PBS-treated uninfected T2DM mice and 30% of the uninfected BCG-vaccinated T2DM mice died, whereas all uninfected and infected nondiabetic mice survived. BCG vaccination was less effective in reducing the lung bacterial burden of\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice compared with\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected nondiabetic mice. BCG vaccination significantly reduced lung inflammation in\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice compared with that of unvaccinated T2DM mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, reduced mortality of BCG-vaccinated\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice is associated with expansion of IL-13\u2013producing CXCR3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Tregs in the lungs of\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice. Recombinant IL-13 and Tregs from BCG-vaccinated\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected T2DM mice converted proinflammatory M1 macrophages to antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Our findings suggest a potentially novel role for BCG in preventing excess inflammation and mortality in T2DM mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T11:01:43Z","timestamp":1583924503000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["BCG vaccination reduces the mortality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2013infected type 2 diabetes mellitus mice"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramya Sivangala","family":"Thandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja","family":"Paidipally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline Kay","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Mulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buka","family":"Samten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna","family":"Vankayalapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-9792(13)70004-0","article-title":"Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"93 Suppl","author":"Restrepo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"[No authors listed]. Global tuberculosis report 2019. World Health Organization. http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/ Published October 17, 2019. 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