{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:25:04Z","timestamp":1784697904127,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a metal hypersensitivity\/autoimmune disease in which damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promote a break in T cell tolerance and expansion of Be\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/self-peptide\u2013reactive CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cell death induced by beryllium particles in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and its impact on DAMP release. We found that phagocytosis of Be led to AM cell death independent of caspase, receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3, or ROS activity. Before cell death, Be-exposed AMs secreted TNF-\u03b1 that boosted intracellular stores of IL-1\u03b1 followed by caspase-8\u2013dependent fragmentation of DNA. IL-1\u03b1 and nucleosomal DNA were subsequently released from AMs upon loss of plasma membrane integrity. In contrast, necrotic AMs released only unfragmented DNA and necroptotic AMs released only IL-1\u03b1. In mice exposed to Be, TNF-\u03b1 promoted release of DAMPs and was required for the mobilization of immunogenic DCs, the expansion of Be-reactive CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of CBD. Thus, early autocrine effects of particle-induced TNF-\u03b1 on AMs led to a break in peripheral tolerance. This potentially novel mechanism may underlie the known relationship between fine particle inhalation, TNF-\u03b1, and loss of peripheral tolerance in T cell\u2013mediated autoimmune disease and hypersensitivities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T17:54:28Z","timestamp":1586282068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A role for TNF-\u03b1 in alveolar macrophage damage-associated molecular pattern release"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Morgan K.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Shotland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8437-6296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Morgan F.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikh M.","family":"Atif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denay K.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Webb-Waring\/Colorado Undergraduate Summer Research Program, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolo","family":"Torres-Llompart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Webb-Waring\/Colorado Undergraduate Summer Research Program, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-512X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Fontenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy 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