{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:21:26Z","timestamp":1792790486047,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"14","funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health United States","award":["R01AI111943,R01AI123047,R01AI134240,P51OD011133,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI111943,R01AI123047,R01AI134240,P51OD011133,"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health United States","award":["P51OD011104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51OD011104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific (\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific) T cell responses associated with immune control during asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remain poorly understood. Using a nonhuman primate aerosol model, we studied the kinetics, phenotypes, and functions of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen-specific T cells in peripheral and lung compartments of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013infected asymptomatic rhesus macaques by longitudinally sampling blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, for up to 24 weeks postinfection. We found substantially higher frequencies of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific effector and memory CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells producing IFN-\u03b3 in the airways compared with peripheral blood, and these frequencies were maintained throughout the study period. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific IL-17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and IL-17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    IFN-\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    double-positive T cells were present in the airways but were largely absent in the periphery, suggesting that balanced mucosal Th1\/Th17 responses are associated with LTBI. The majority of\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013specific CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells that homed to the airways expressed the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and coexpressed CCR6. Notably, CXCR3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells were found in granulomatous and nongranulomatous regions of the lung and inversely correlated with\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    burden. Our findings provide insights into antigen-specific T cell responses associated with asymptomatic\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection that are relevant for developing better strategies to control TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T16:04:46Z","timestamp":1592409886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis control associates with CXCR3- and CCR6-expressing antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Uma","family":"Shanmugasundaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-1701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Allison N.","family":"Bucsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-8198","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shashank R.","family":"Ganatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA."},{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Ibegbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2057-3477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melanie","family":"Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9616-9414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert V.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-3546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xavier","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA."},{"name":"Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4238-1924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vijayakumar","family":"Velu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3521-1257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deepak","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA."},{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-4705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jyothi","family":"Rengarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"WHO. 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