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Following resection, the remaining small bowel epithelium mounts an adaptive response, resulting in increased crypt cell proliferation, increased villus height, increased crypt depth, and enhanced nutrient and electrolyte absorption. Although these morphologic and functional changes are well described in animal models, the adaptive response in humans is less well understood. Clinically the response is unpredictable and often inadequate. Here we address the hypotheses that human intestinal stem cell populations are expanded and that the stem cell niche is regulated following massive gut resection in short bowel syndrome (SBS). We use intestinal enteroid cultures from patients with SBS to show that the magnitude and phenotype of the adaptive stem cell response are both regulated by stromal niche cells, including intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts, which are activated by intestinal resection to enhance epithelial stem and proliferative cell responses. Our data suggest that myofibroblast regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways plays a role in the gut adaptive response after resection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.137905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T12:01:26Z","timestamp":1604404886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Stem cell and niche regulation in human short bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Vered A.","family":"Gazit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elzbieta A.","family":"Swietlicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, John T. 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