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Secreted\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    toxin B (TcdB) is a major contributor to disease pathology, and select TcdB-specific Abs may protect against disease recurrence. However, the high frequency of recurrence suggests that the memory B cell response, essential for new Ab production following\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    reexposure, is insufficient. We therefore isolated TcdB-specific memory B cells from individuals with a history of\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and performed single-cell deep sequencing of their Ab genes. Herein, we report that TcdB-specific memory B cell\u2013encoded antibodies showed somatic hypermutation but displayed limited isotype class switch. Memory B cell\u2013encoded mAb generated from the gene sequences revealed low to moderate affinity for TcdB and a limited ability to neutralize TcdB. These findings indicate that memory B cells are an important factor in\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    disease recurrence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T12:03:22Z","timestamp":1594728202000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Human C. difficile toxin\u2013specific memory B cell repertoires encode poorly neutralizing antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hemangi B.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC),"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Edgar J.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC),"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Larabee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC),"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, OUHSC, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8824-9609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jimmy D.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC),"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-0576","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark L.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC),"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"B1","first-page":"2369","article-title":"difficile Surveillance Team. 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