{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:59:33Z","timestamp":1789088373853,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Defense Health Program","award":["project number 150154769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project number 150154769"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus rapidly spread globally, resulting in a public health crisis including almost 5 million cases and 323,256 deaths as of May 21, 2020. Here, we describe the identification and evaluation of commercially available reagents and assays for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in infected FFPE cell pellets. We identified a suitable rabbit polyclonal anti\u2013SARS-CoV spike protein antibody and a mouse monoclonal anti\u2013SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody for cross-detection of the respective SARS-CoV-2 proteins by IHC and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Next, we established RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Furthermore, we established a multiplex FISH (mFISH) to detect positive-sense SARS-CoV-2 RNA and negative-sense SARS-CoV-2 RNA (a replicative intermediate indicating viral replication). Finally, we developed a dual staining assay using IHC and ISH to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen and RNA in the same FFPE section. It is hoped that these reagents and assays will accelerate COVID-19 pathogenesis studies in humans and in COVID-19 animal models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T12:01:31Z","timestamp":1588852891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April M.","family":"Babka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8976-8056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheli R.","family":"Radoshitzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-6045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jens H.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiankun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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