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Attenuated strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Typhimurium (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    Tm) have commonly been used in mouse models of BCT in xenograft and orthotopic transplant cancer models. We aimed to better understand the tumor epithelium\u2013targeted mechanisms of BCT by using autochthonous mouse models of intestinal cancer and tumor organoid cultures to assess the effectiveness and consequences of oral treatment with aromatase A\u2013deficient\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    Tm (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    delivered by oral gavage significantly reduced tumor burden and tumor load in both a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model and in a spontaneous\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Apc\n                      <jats:sup>min\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    intestinal cancer model.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization of tumors caused alterations in transcription of mRNAs associated with tumor stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell cycle. Metabolomic analysis of tumors demonstrated alteration in the metabolic environment of\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -treated tumors, suggesting that\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    imposes metabolic competition on the tumor. Use of tumor organoid cultures in vitro recapitulated effects seen on tumor stemness, mesenchymal markers, and altered metabolome. Furthermore, live\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      STm\n                      <jats:bold\/>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>aroA<\/jats:italic>\n                    was required, demonstrating active mechanisms including metabolite usage. We have demonstrated that oral BCT is efficacious in autochthonous intestinal cancer models, that BCT imposes metabolic competition, and that BCT has direct effects on the tumor epithelium affecting tumor stem cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T12:00:23Z","timestamp":1635422423000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bacterial cancer therapy in autochthonous colorectal cancer affects tumor growth and metabolic landscape"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-6570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Mackie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Copland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masumi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."},{"name":"Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan."},{"name":"Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Everard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-4327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamotsu","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."},{"name":"Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan."},{"name":"Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-5381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hirotsugu","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan."},{"name":"Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."},{"name":"Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-9661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."},{"name":"Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan."},{"name":"Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-5424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kendle M.","family":"Maslowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Institute for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"154","article-title":"The toxins of William B. 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