{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:07:33Z","timestamp":1787170053376,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21AI129479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI129479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 EY12576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY12576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P510D011107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P510D011107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is associated with microcephaly and various neurological, musculoskeletal, and ocular abnormalities, but the long-term pathogenesis and postnatal progression of ocular defects in infants are not well characterized. Rhesus macaques are superior to rodents as models of CZS because they are natural hosts of the virus and share similar immune and ocular characteristics, including blood\u2013retinal barrier characteristics and the unique presence of a macula. Using a previously described model of CZS, we infected pregnant rhesus macaques with Zika virus (ZIKV) during the late first trimester and characterized postnatal ocular development and evolution of ocular defects in 2 infant macaques over 2 years. We found that one of them exhibited colobomatous chorioretinal atrophic lesions with macular and vascular dragging as well as retinal thinning caused by loss of retinal ganglion neuron and photoreceptor layers. Despite these congenital ocular malformations, axial elongation and retinal development in these infants progressed at normal rates compared with healthy animals. The ZIKV-exposed infants displayed a rapid loss of ZIKV-specific antibodies, suggesting the absence of viral replication after birth, and did not show any behavioral or neurological defects postnatally. Our findings suggest that ZIKV infection during early pregnancy can impact fetal retinal development and cause congenital ocular anomalies but does not appear to affect postnatal ocular growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.143947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T12:14:36Z","timestamp":1605183276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evolution of ocular defects in infant macaques following in utero Zika virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-3310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Glenn","family":"Yiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5617-9677","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Thomasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Isabel","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rusakevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah I.","family":"Keesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie","family":"Usachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Singapuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-6612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erin E.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-5612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eliza","family":"Bliss-Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-0818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wendi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7416-7861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tulika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sallie","family":"Permar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4330-4659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amir","family":"Ardeshir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-5146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lark L.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7375-1337","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koen K.A.","family":"Van Rompay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"[No authors listed]. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General summarizes the outcome of the Emergency Committee regarding clusters of microcephaly and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/01-02-2016-who-director-general-summarizes-the-outcome-of-the-emergency-committee-regarding-clusters-of-microcephaly-and-guillain-barr%c3%a9-syndrome Published February 1, 2016. Accessed November 9, 2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.02.016"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9243"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2019.0082"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6547e2"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.05.011"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0496-1"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.1784"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.0267"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20161004-09"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30776-0"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.3623"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.06.039"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4283"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.06.001"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000420"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.004"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.05.001"},{"key":"B19","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in congenital Zika syndrome: About a case of torpedo maculopathy","volume":"18","author":"Mesnard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2018.07.352"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.3292"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.10.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0048","article-title":"Congenital Zika virus infection: beyond neonatal microcephaly","volume":"74","author":"Leyser","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15831"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1603618"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32518-1"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0824-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92340","article-title":"Zika virus infects cells lining the blood-retinal barrier and causes chorioretinal atrophy in mouse eyes","volume":"2","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123980"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0088-5"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04777-6"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4485"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02499-9"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.019"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006378"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4193"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.008"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4206"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2000414117"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay2736"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190617"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515270"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.01.025"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.01.012"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3124-16.2017"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22016"},{"issue":"1","key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0096-z","article-title":"ZIKA virus infection causes persistent chorioretinal lesions","volume":"7","author":"Manangeeswaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007648"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.12.021"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002704"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171148"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.01.002"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.16"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.10.005"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.06.023"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41509-2"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"633","article-title":"Effects of aging and environmental tobacco smoke exposure on ocular and plasma circulatory microRNAs in the rhesus macaque","volume":"24","author":"Smit-McBride","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.2.32"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20070"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14715-z"}],"container-title":["JCI Insight"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/143947\/files\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:49:35Z","timestamp":1779151775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/insight.jci.org\/articles\/view\/143947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1172\/jci.insight.143947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.143947","relation":{},"ISSN":["2379-3708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-3708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"article-number":"e143947"}}