{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:33:45Z","timestamp":1792787625087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["AI-061093,AI-086037,AI-48693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI-061093,AI-086037,AI-48693"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["David S Gottesman Immunology Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["David S Gottesman Immunology Chair"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by profound primary antibody defects and frequent infections, yet autoimmune\/inflammatory complications of unclear origin occur in 50% of individuals and lead to increased mortality. Here, we show that circulating bacterial 16S rDNA belonging to gut commensals was significantly increased in CVID serum (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001), especially in patients with inflammatory manifestations (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0007). Levels of serum bacterial DNA were associated with parameters of systemic immune activation, increased serum IFN-\n                    <jats:bold>\u03b3<\/jats:bold>\n                    , and the lowest numbers of isotype-switched memory B cells. Bacterial DNA was bioactive in vitro and induced robust host IFN-\n                    <jats:bold>\u03b3<\/jats:bold>\n                    responses, especially among patients with CVID with inflammatory manifestations. Patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton tyrosine kinase [BTK] deficiency) also had increased circulating bacterial 16S rDNA but did not exhibit prominent immune activation, suggesting that BTK may be a host modifier, dampening immune responses to microbial translocation. These data reveal a mechanism for chronic immune activation in CVID and potential therapeutic strategies to modify the clinical outcomes of this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.144777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T14:02:20Z","timestamp":1633615340000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Circulating bioactive bacterial DNA is associated with immune activation and complications in common variable immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hsi-en","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Radigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine 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