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To understand immune responses in oligo JIA, we immunophenotyped synovial fluid T cells with flow cytometry, bulk RNA-Seq, single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), DNA methylation studies, and Treg suppression assays. In synovial fluid, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells expressed Th1-related markers, whereas Th17 cells were not enriched. Th1 skewing was prominent in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, including Tregs, and was associated with severe disease. Transcriptomic studies confirmed a Th1 signature in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells from synovial fluid. The regulatory gene expression signature was preserved in Tregs, even those exhibiting Th1 polarization. These Th1-like Tregs maintained Treg-specific methylation patterns and suppressive function, supporting the stability of this Treg population in the joint. Although synovial fluid CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells displayed an overall Th1 phenotype, scRNA-Seq uncovered heterogeneous effector and regulatory subpopulations, including IFN-induced Tregs, peripheral helper T cells, and cytotoxic CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. In conclusion, oligo JIA is characterized by Th1 polarization that encompasses Tregs but does not compromise their regulatory identity. Targeting Th1-driven inflammation and augmenting Treg function may represent important therapeutic approaches in oligo JIA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.149185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T12:13:45Z","timestamp":1629202425000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Th1 polarization defines the synovial fluid T cell compartment in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-6726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Am\u00e9lie M.","family":"Jul\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacie J.","family":"Hoyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Boston Children\u2019s 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