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Mechanisms mediating alveolar macrophage phenotypes after pneumococcal pneumonia have not been delineated. IFN-\u03b3 and its receptor on alveolar macrophages were essential for certain, but not all, aspects of the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype. IFN-\u03b3 was produced by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells plus other cells, and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell depletion did not prevent alveolar macrophage remodeling. In mice infected or recovering from pneumococcus, monocytes were recruited to the lungs, and the monocyte-derived macrophages developed characteristics of alveolar macrophages. CCR2 mediated the early monocyte recruitment but was not essential to the development of the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated that recovery from pneumococcal pneumonias converted the pool of alveolar macrophages from being primarily of embryonic origin to being primarily of adult hematopoietic stem cell origin. Alveolar macrophages of either origin demonstrated similar remodeled phenotypes, suggesting that ontogeny did not dictate phenotype. Our data reveal that the remodeled alveolar macrophage phenotype in lungs recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia results from a combination of new recruitment plus training of both the original cells and the new recruits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T12:01:57Z","timestamp":1644321717000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Recruitment and training of alveolar macrophages after pneumococcal pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4313-4650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emad I.","family":"Arafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-2295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anukul T.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-9144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6725-2646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neelou S.","family":"Etesami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.C.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lyon De Ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-4514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elim","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-8481","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine V.","family":"Odom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley N.","family":"Goltry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1158-7164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Filiz T.","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0156-4898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alicia K.","family":"Wooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7967-6254","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna C.","family":"Belkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4884-8620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antoine","family":"Guillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center,"},{"name":"CHRU of Tours, Intensive Medicine, Resuscitation Service, INSERM, Center for the Study of Respiratory Pathologies (CEPR), University of Tours, Tours, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-4299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. 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