{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:32:17Z","timestamp":1790994737085,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":203,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NHRI-EX110-10836SI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-EX110-10836SI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","award":["104-2320-B-001-022,110-2628-B-001-030,111-2320-B-001-025-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104-2320-B-001-022,110-2628-B-001-030,111-2320-B-001-025-MY3"]}]},{"name":"Academia Sinica Investigator Award","award":["AS-IA-110-L04 to Y.J.C."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-IA-110-L04 to Y.J.C."]}]},{"name":"Academia Sinica Grand Challenge Award","award":["AS-GC-110-05 to Y.J.C."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AS-GC-110-05 to Y.J.C."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent skin disease typified by symptoms of dry skin and recurrent eczema. Patients with AD are at heightened risk for\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are mainly activated by epithelial cell\u2013derived cytokines IL-33 and involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, little is known about the effect of skin delipidization on the epithelial cell\u2013derived cytokines and dermal ILC2s in AD. In our study, we investigated the mechanism by which\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection modulates and exacerbates the pathogenesis of dry skin, leading to type 2 inflammation in the context of innate immunity. In vivo, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection aggravated delipidization-induced dermal IL-33 release and dermal ILC2 accumulation, which exacerbated skin inflammation. We also noticed that\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Il33\n                      <jats:sup>fl\/fl<\/jats:sup>\n                      K14\n                      <jats:sup>cre<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Tlr2\n                      <jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice exhibited attenuated skin inflammation. In vitro, treatment with necroptosis inhibitors reduced IL-33 release from\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013infected keratinocytes. Mechanistically, we observed an increase in the necroptosis-associated kinases, MLKL and RIPK3, in\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013infected mice, indicating that IL-33 release was associated with necroptotic cell death responses. Our results reveal that\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection\u2013elicited keratinocyte necroptosis contributes to IL-33\u2013mediated type 2 inflammation, which exacerbates the pathogenesis of dry skin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.166821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T12:43:12Z","timestamp":1707223392000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Staphylococcus aureus exacerbates dermal IL-33\/ILC2 axis activation through evoking RIPK3\/MLKL-mediated necroptosis of dry skin"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chia-Hui","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"name":"Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung 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