{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:44:00Z","timestamp":1790919840430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1173871)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173871)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pregnancy poses a greater risk for severe COVID-19; however, underlying immunological changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are poorly understood. We defined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in unvaccinated pregnant and nonpregnant women with acute and convalescent COVID-19, quantifying 217 immunological parameters. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant women, although our systems serology approach revealed distinct antibody and Fc\u03b3R profiles between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Cellular analyses demonstrated marked differences in NK cell and unconventional T cell activation dynamics in pregnant women. Healthy pregnant women displayed preactivated NK cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells when compared with healthy nonpregnant women, which remained unchanged during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Conversely, nonpregnant women had prototypical activation of NK and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. Activation of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and T follicular helper cells was similar in SARS-CoV-2\u2013infected pregnant and nonpregnant women, while antibody-secreting B cells were increased in pregnant women during acute COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were found in pregnant women in their healthy state, and these cytokine levels remained elevated during acute and convalescent COVID-19. Collectively, we demonstrate perturbations in NK cell and \u03b3\u03b4 T cell activation in unvaccinated pregnant women with COVID-19, which may impact disease progression and severity during pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.167157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T14:01:19Z","timestamp":1681048879000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy reveals NK cell and \u03b3\u03b4 T cell perturbations"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-1527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Habel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5654-1293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brendon Y.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-1057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Kedzierski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0780-9422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-4435","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timon","family":"Damelang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5059-3030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ebene R.","family":"Haycroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology 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