{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:52:19Z","timestamp":1790722339472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a classic neuralgic pain condition with distinct clinical characteristics. Modeling TN in rodents is challenging. Recently, we found that a foramen in the rodent skull base, the foramen lacerum, provides direct access to the trigeminal nerve root. Using this access, we developed a foramen lacerum impingement of trigeminal nerve root (FLIT) model and observed distinct pain-like behaviors in rodents, including paroxysmal asymmetric facial grimaces, head tilt when eating, avoidance of solid chow, and lack of wood chewing. The FLIT model recapitulated key clinical features of TN, including lancinating pain\u2013like behavior and dental pain\u2013like behavior. Importantly, when compared with a trigeminal neuropathic pain model (infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury [IoN-CCI]), the FLIT model was associated with significantly higher numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>c-Fos<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013positive cells in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), unraveling robust cortical activation in the FLIT model. On intravital 2-photon calcium imaging, synchronized S1 neural dynamics were present in the FLIT but not the IoN-CCI model, revealing differential implication of cortical activation in different pain models. Taken together, our results indicate that FLIT is a clinically relevant rodent model of TN that could facilitate pain research and therapeutics development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.168046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T12:00:46Z","timestamp":1683633646000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Foramen lacerum impingement of trigeminal nerve root as a rodent model for trigeminal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8840-2917","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weihua","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-4410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liuyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-2571","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooks School, North Andover, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianren","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"232","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-0975-8"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnac132"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1914484"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002840"},{"key":"B5"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001365"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417706310"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2157"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-561-9_8"},{"issue":"2","key":"B10","first-page":"187","article-title":"An animal model for trigeminal neuralgia by compression of the trigeminal nerve root","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166408"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004940"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113002338"},{"issue":"3","key":"B14","first-page":"427","article-title":"An anatomical study on the foramen ovale and the foramen spinosum","volume":"7","author":"Khairnar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"6572","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(49)90002-1","article-title":"A simple radiological aid to gasserian injection","volume":"2","author":"Penman","year":"1949","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/53167"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.02.427"},{"key":"B18","unstructured":"Wiepking CA, Doule DV. 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