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Although pollinosis patients manifest symptoms within minutes after pollen exposure, the mechanisms of the rapid transport of the allergens remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the instillation of pollen shells rapidly induces a large number of goblet cell\u2013associated antigen passages (GAPs) in the conjunctiva. Antigen acquisition by stromal cells, including macrophages and CD11b\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    dendritic cells, correlated with surface GAP formation. Furthermore, a substantial amount of antigen was transported to the stroma during the first 10 minutes of pollen exposure, which was sufficient for the full induction of an allergic conjunctivitis mouse model. This inducible, rapid GAP formation and antigen acquisition were suppressed by topical lidocaine or trigeminal nerve ablation, indicating that the sensory nervous system plays an essential role. Interestingly, pollen shell\u2013stimulated GAP formation was not suppressed by topical atropine, suggesting that the conjunctival GAPs and intestinal GAPs are differentially regulated. These results identify pollen shell\u2013induced GAP as a therapeutic target for allergic conjunctivitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.168596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1697025627000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A nerve-goblet cell association promotes allergic conjunctivitis through rapid antigen passage"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Meiko","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan."},{"name":"Department of 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