{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:55:57Z","timestamp":1790733357971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007914","name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031886","name":"Scottish Rite for Children","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027718","name":"Texas Neurofibromatosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010975","name":"Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) RASopathy is associated with persistent fibrotic nonunions (pseudarthrosis) in human and mouse skeletal tissue. Here, we performed spatial transcriptomics to define the molecular signatures occurring during normal endochondral healing following fracture in mice. Within the control fracture callus, we observed spatially restricted activation of morphogenetic pathways, such as TGF-\u03b2, WNT, and BMP. To investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to\n                    <jats:italic>Nf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient delayed fracture healing, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis on a\n                    <jats:italic>Postn<\/jats:italic>\n                    -cre;\n                    <jats:italic>Nf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>fl\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Nf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>Postn<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) fracture callus. Transcriptional analyses, subsequently confirmed through phospho-SMAD1\/5\/8 immunohistochemistry, demonstrated a lack of BMP pathway induction in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Nf1\n                      <jats:sup>Postn<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice. To gain further insight into the human condition, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis of fracture pseudarthrosis tissue from a patient with NF1. Analyses detected increased MAPK signaling at the fibrocartilaginous-osseus junction. Similar to that in the\n                    <jats:italic>Nf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>Postn<\/jats:sup>\n                    fracture, BMP pathway activation was absent within the pseudarthrosis tissue. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of delineating the molecular and tissue-specific heterogeneity inherent in complex regenerative processes, such as fracture healing, and reconstructing phase transitions representing endochondral bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, our results provide in situ molecular evidence of impaired BMP signaling underlying NF1 pseudarthrosis, potentially informing the clinical relevance of off-label BMP2 as a therapeutic intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.176802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T12:00:59Z","timestamp":1720699259000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spatial transcriptomics implicates impaired BMP signaling in NF1 fracture pseudarthrosis in murine and patient tissues"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Rios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,"},{"name":"Simmons Comprehensive Cancer 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