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We collected all mesenchymal cells from lung single-cell suspensions of mice that were naive (after receiving only saline vehicle), pneumonic (after intratracheal instillation of pneumococcus 24 hours previously), or resolved from infection (after nonlethal pneumococcal infections 6 weeks previously) and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. Cells clustered into 5 well-separated groups based on their transcriptomes: matrix fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and mesothelial cells. Fibroblasts were the most abundant and could be further segregated into\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Pdgfra\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Npnt\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ces1d\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Col13a1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    alveolar fibroblasts and\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Cd9\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Pi16\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Sca1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Col14a1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    adventitial fibroblasts. The cells from naive and resolved groups overlapped in dimension reduction plots, suggesting the mesenchymal cells returned to baseline transcriptomes after resolution. During pneumonia, all mesenchymal cells responded with altered transcriptomes, revealing a core response that had been conserved across cell types as well as distinct mesenchymal cell type\u2013specific responses. The different subsets of fibroblasts induced similar gene sets, but the alveolar fibroblasts responded more strongly than the adventitial fibroblasts. These data demonstrated diverse and specialized immune activities of lung mesenchymal cells during pneumonia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.177084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T12:00:14Z","timestamp":1740484814000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptomic responses of lung mesenchymal cells during pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Soucy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jourdan E.","family":"Brune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA."},{"name":"Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 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