{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:59:12Z","timestamp":1787018352238,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Clinical Investigation","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DP5OD021353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5OD021353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["U01CA233097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA233097"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CAMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001513","name":"Breast Cancer Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Young Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Young Investigator Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Fondet","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LF-AW_RAM-22-400154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF-AW_RAM-22-400154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells contribute to antitumor immunity and are implicated in the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. In particular, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T helper 2 (Th2) cells were recently found to block spontaneous breast carcinogenesis. However, the antitumor potential of Th2 cells in targeting established breast cancer remains uncertain. Herein, we demonstrate that Th2 cells induced by the topical calcipotriol\/thymic stromal lymphopoietin cytokine axis suppressed the growth of established mammary tumors in mice. Interleukin-24 (IL-24), an anticancer cytokine, was highly upregulated in macrophages infiltrating calcipotriol-treated mammary tumors. Macrophages expressed IL-24 in response to IL-4 signaling in combination with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists (e.g., HMGB1) in vitro. Calcipotriol treatment significantly increased HMGB1 release by tumor cells in vivo. CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell depletion reduced HMGB1 and IL-24 expression, reversing calcipotriol\u2019s therapeutic efficacy. Macrophage depletion and TLR4 inhibition also reduced the therapeutic efficacy of calcipotriol. Importantly, calcipotriol treatment failed to control mammary tumors lacking the IL-24 receptor on tumor cells. Collectively, our findings reveal that Th2 cell\u2013macrophage crosstalk leads to IL-24\u2013mediated tumor cell death, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy to tackle breast cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.180962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T14:00:42Z","timestamp":1736344842000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CD4+ T helper 2 cell\u2013macrophage crosstalk induces IL-24\u2013mediated breast cancer suppression"],"prefix":"10.1172","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Urology and"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of 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